Essential Question Why did America join the imperialist club at the end of the 19 th century 1 CommercialBusiness Interests U S Foreign Investments 18691908 Raw materials sugar Hawaii ID: 783097
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Slide1
AmericanImperialism
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Slide2Essential Question:
Why did America
join the imperialist
club at the endof the 19th century?
Slide31. Commercial/Business Interests
U. S. Foreign Investments: 1869-1908
Raw materials (sugar – Hawaii)
New Markets to sell American goods“Today we are raising more [crops] than we can consume. Today we are making more than we can use… Therefore we must find new markets for our produce, new occupation for our capital, new work for our labor.”Senator Albert J. Beveridge
Slide4American Foreign Trade:
1870-1914
1. Commercial/Business
InterestsTake notes on chart
Slide52. Military/Strategic Interests
Alfred T. Mahan
The Influence of Sea Power on History: 1660-1783Needed foreign bases and strong nave to be a World Power
Slide63. Social Darwinist Thinking
The White Man’s
Burden
The Hierarchyof RaceSurvival of the fittestSpread American culture b/c it is superior
Slide74. Religious/Missionary Interests
American Missionaries
in China, 1905
Spread American culture and religon b/c it is superior
Slide85. Closing the American Frontier
Progressives want to conserve American wilderness and resources
New colonies provided more raw materials
Slide9American Imperial InterestsColonized
Hawaiian Islands – Sugar and Pineapple companies lead interests here
Alaska
PhilippinesPuerto RicoGuamIncreased InfluenceJapanCuba
Mexico
Panama
Slide10Hawaii:"Crossroadsof
the Pacific
"
Slide11U. S. Missionaries in HawaiiImiola Church – first built in the late 1820s
Slide12U. S. View of Hawaiians
Hawaii becomes a U. S. Protectorate in 1849
by virtue of economic treaties.
Slide13Hawaiian Queen Liliuokalani
Hawaii for the Hawaiians!
Slide14U. S. Business Interests In Hawaii
1875 –
Reciprocity
Treaty1890 – McKinley Tariff1893 – Americanbusinessmen backed an
uprising against Queen
Liliuokalani.
Sanford Ballard Dole
proclaims the Republic
of Hawaii in 1894.
Slide15To The Victor Belongs the Spoils
Hawaiian Annexation Ceremony, 1898
Slide16Japan
Slide17Commodore Matthew Perry Opens Up Japan: 1853
The Japanese View of Commodore Perry
Slide18Treaty of Kanagawa: 1854
Slide19Gentleman’s Agreement: 1908
A Japanese note agreeing
to deny passports to
laborers entering the U.S.Japan recognized the U.S.right to exclude Japaneseimmigrants holding passports
issued by other countries.
The U.S. government got the
school board of San Francisco
to rescind their order to
segregate Asians in separate
schools.
1908
Root-
Takahira
Agreement
.
Slide20Root-Takahira Agreement: 1908A pledge to maintain the status quo in the Far East.
Recognition of China’s independence and territorial integrity, and support for continuation of the Open-Door Policy.
An agreement to mutual consultation in the event of future Far Eastern crises.
Slide21Alaska
Slide22“Seward’s Folly”: 1867
US Secretary Seward bough Alaska from Russia for $7.2
million
Slide23“Seward’s Icebox”: 1867
Slide24Cuba
Slide25The Imperialist Tailor
Slide26Spanish Misrule in Cuba
Slide27Valeriano Weyler’s “
Reconcentration
” Policy
Slide28“Yellow Journalism” & Jingoism
Joseph Pulitzer
William Randolph Hearst
Hearst to Frederick Remington:
You furnish the pictures,
and I’ll furnish the war!
Slide29De Lôme Letter
Dupuy
de
Lôme, SpanishAmbassador to the U.S.Criticized PresidentMcKinley as weak and abidder for the admiration
of the crowd, besides
being a would-be politician
who tries to leave a door
open behind himself while
keeping on good terms
with the jingoes of his
party.
Slide30Remember the Maineand to Hell with Spain!
Funeral for
Maine
victims in HavanaUSS Main exploded 2/5/1898 causing war between America and Spain.
Slide31Theodore RooseveltAssistant Secretary of the Navy in the McKinley administration.Imperialist and American nationalist.
Criticized President
McKinley as
having the backbone of a chocolate éclair!Resigns his position to fight in Cuba.
Slide32The “Rough Riders”
Roosevelt’s regiment
Captured San Juan Hill
Lead to Spanish defeat
Slide33The Spanish-American War (1898):“That Splendid Little War”
How prepared was the US for war?
Slide34The Amendment was made to the Cuban ConstitutionMade Cuba a protectorate of the U.S.Restricted Rights of CubansPrevented Cuba from signing treaty with another nation without U.S. approval
The Platt Amendment, 1903
Slide35ThePhilippines
Slide36The Spanish-American War (1898):“That Splendid Little War”
Slide37Dewey Captures Manila!
Slide38Is He To Be a Despot?
Slide39Emilio Aguinaldo
L
eader of the Filipino
Uprising.July 4, 1946:Philippine independence
Slide40William H. Taft, 1stGov.-General of the Philippines
Great administrator.
Slide41Our “Sphere of Influence”
What does this political cartoon suggest about America as a result of imperialism?
Slide42The Treaty of Paris: 1898
Cuba was freed from Spanish rule.
Spain gave up Puerto Rico and the island of
Guam.The U. S. paid Spain$20 mil. for thePhilippines.The U. S. becomesan imperial power!
Slide43Founded in 1899.Mark Twain, Andrew
Carnegie, William
James, and William
Jennings Bryan amongthe leaders.Campaigned against the annexation of thePhilippines and otheracts of imperialism.
The American Anti-Imperialist League
Slide44Teller Amendment (1898)
Platt Amendment
(1903)
Cuba was not to enter into any agreements with foreign powers that would endanger its independence.The U.S. could intervene in Cuban affairs if necessary to maintain an efficient, independent govt.Cuba must lease Guantanamo Bay to the U.S. for naval and coaling station.
Cuba must not build up an excessive public debt.
Cuban Independence?
Senator
Orville Platt
Slide45DILEMMA--DidU. S. citizenshipfollow the flag??
Slide46PuertoRico
Slide47Puerto Rico: 18981900 - Foraker Act.
PR became an “unincorporated territory.”
Citizens of PR, not of the US.
Import duties on PR goods1901-1903 the Insular Cases.Constitutional rights were not automatically extended to territorial possessions.
Congress had the power to decide these rights.
Import duties laid down by the Foraker Act were legal!
Slide48Puerto Rico: 1898
1917 –
Jones Act
.Gave full territorial status to PR.Removed tariff duties on PR goods coming into the US.PRs elected theirown legislators &governor to enforcelocal laws.PRs could NOT vote
in US presidential
elections.
A resident commissioner was sent to Washington to vote for PR in the House.
Slide49Panama
Slide50Panama: The King’s Crown
1850
Clayton-Bulwer Treaty.1901 Hay-Paunceforte Treaty.
Philippe Bunau-Varilla,
agent provocateur.
Dr. Walter Reed.
Colonel W. Goethals.
1903
Hay-Bunau-
Varilla Treaty
.
Slide51Panama Canal
TR in Panama
(Construction begins in 1904)
Slide52The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine: 1905
Chronic wrongdoing… may in America, as elsewhere, ultimately require intervention by some civilized nation, and in the Western Hemisphere the adherence of the United States to the Monroe Doctrine may force the United States, however reluctantly, in flagrant cases of such
wrongdoing or impotence, to the exercise of an
international police power .
Slide53Big Stick Diplomacy Speak Softly,But Carry a Big Stick!
What does this political cartoon suggest about the role of the U.S. according to T. Roosevelt?
Slide54China
Slide55Stereotypes of the Chinese Immigrant
Oriental [Chinese] Exclusion Act, 1887
Slide56The Boxer Rebellion: 1900
The Peaceful Harmonious Fists.
“55 Days at Peking.”
Slide57The Open Door Policy
Secretary
John Hay
.Give all nations equalaccess to trade in China.Guaranteed that China would NOT be taken over by any one foreign power.
Slide58TheOpen Door Policy
Slide59America as a Pacific Power
Slide60America'sNewRole
Slide61The Cares of a Growing Family
Slide62Constable of the World
Slide63Treaty of Portsmouth: 1905Nobel Peace Prize for Teddy
Slide64The Great White Fleet: 1907
Slide65Taft’s “Dollar Diplomacy”
Improve financial
opportunities for American businesses.
Use private capital tofurther U. S. interestsoverseas.Therefore, the U.S. should create stability and order abroad that would best promote America’s commercial interests.
Slide66Mexico
Slide67The Mexican Revolution: 1910sVictoriano Huerta seizes control of Mexico and puts Madero in prison where he was
murdered.
Venustiano Carranza, Pancho Villa, Emiliano
Zapata, and Alvaro Obregon fought against Huerta.The U.S. also got involved by occupying Veracruz and Huerta fled the country.Eventually Carranza would gain power in Mexico.
Slide68The Mexican Revolution: 1910sEmiliano Zapata
Francisco I Madero
Venustiano Carranza
Porfirio Diaz
Pancho Villa
Slide69Wilson’s “Moral Diplomacy”
The U. S. should
be the conscience
of the world.Spread democracy.Promote peace.Condemn colonialism.
Slide70Searching for BanditosGeneral John J. Pershing with Pancho
Villa
in 1914.
Slide71U. S. Global Investments &Investments in Latin America, 1914
Slide72U. S. Interventions in Latin America: 1898-1920s
Slide73Uncle Sam: One of the “Boys?”