RECOGNIZING BIOLOGICAL CONSTRAINTS ON CONDITIONING Instinctive drift occurs when an animals innate response tendencies interfere with conditioning processes Brelands Miserly Raccoons CONDITIONED TASTE AVERSION ID: 1044651
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1. CHANGING DIRECTIONS IN THE STUDY OF CONDITIONING
2. RECOGNIZING BIOLOGICAL CONSTRAINTS ON CONDITIONINGInstinctive drift: occurs when an animal’s innate response tendencies interfere with conditioning processesBreland’s Miserly Raccoons
3. CONDITIONED TASTE AVERSIONConditioned only through the pairing of taste stimuli and stimuli inducing nauseaShows that just any stimulus and just any response will not necessarily condition
4. PREPAREDNESSDEF: a species-specific predisposition to be conditioned in certain ways and not othersMay influence instinctive drift, conditioned taste aversion, and phobias…
5. PHOBIASCan be about anythingMartin Seligman: evolutionary forces programmed acquisition of certain fears
6. EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVE ON LEARNINGMechanisms of learning are similar across speciesAdapted to environmentUsed to increase survivability and sexual reproduction
7. COGNITIVE PROCESSES IN CONDITIONINGSignal Relations: CS-UCS relations that influence whether a CS is a good signal“Good” signal allows for accurate prediction of the UCSHelped change view of conditioning from reflexive response to information processing
8. RESPONSE-OUTCOME RELATIONS AND CONDITIONINGOrganisms try to discover what leads to what (contingencies) in the world around themStimuli are signals that help minimize aversive experiences and maximize pleasant experiences
9. DEF: occurs when an organism’s responding is influenced by the observation of others, who are called modelsOBSERVATIONAL LEARNING
10. ALBERT BANDURADemonstrated both classical and operant conditioning can take place vicariously through observational learningWe are conditioned by observing other’s conditioning
11. BASIC PROCESSES OF OBSERVATIONAL LEARNINGAttention: you must pay attention to another’s behavior and its consequencesRetention: you must store a mental representation of what you witnessedReproduction: enact a modeled response; depends on abilityMotivation: must be motivated to enact the modeled response
12. Acquisition vs. performanceWe have many acquired learned responsesWe choose which will be reinforcedReinforcement influences performance, not learning necessarily