How did people in Africa and Asia respond to western imperialism How did imperialism create a westerndominated world economy Industrial Revolution Source for Raw Materials Markets for Finished ID: 794142
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Slide1
Imperialism
Essential Questions:How did people in Africa and Asia respond to western imperialism?How did imperialism create a western-dominated world economy?
Slide2Industrial
Revolution
Source for
Raw
Materials
Markets for
Finished
Goods
European
Nationalism
Missionary
Activity
Military
& Naval
Bases
EuropeanMotivesFor Colonization
Places to
DumpUnwanted/Excess Popul.
Soc. & Eco.
Opportunities
Humanitarian
Reasons
European
Racism
“White
Man’sBurden”
Social
Darwinism
Slide3The New Imperialism
Causes of Imperialism in the late 1800’s:Strengths:Social DarwinismEconomic prosperitySelf-organized governments
Competition between countries
Spheres of influence:
Economic control of nations
Slide4More causes…
IndustrializationNecessity of finding cheaper raw materials for manufacturing in Western factories.
Slide51000 different languages; 1000+ different tribes
Slide6The Partition of Africa
Africa is used as an imperial continentIt is divided among several European Countries:BritainFranceBelgium
Germany
Italy
Slide7Slide8Slide9Britain in Africa
Main motive: protect their trading centers from the French and Germans
Slide10British in Africa
Control of EgyptConquered in 1882Egypt becomes a “puppet state” of Great BritainWanted to protect trade by way of the Suez Canal
Slide11Slide12British in Southern Africa
British traded with the Dutch Afrikaners in S. AfricaDiscovered gold in Witwatersrand…British want the land; Dutch refused to give it.
Slide13South African (Boer) War
1899-1902Just not enough BoersBritish easily winIn the end, Britain gets gold, diamonds, furs and trade routes
Slide14Diamond Mines
Raw Diamonds
Slide15Effects on Natives
Britain’s win makes Dutch move inlandGreat TrekPushes into NativesZulus in particular are affected
Slide16Zulus
Led by Shaka ZuluUnites S. African tribesiklwa
Fight against the Boers and British
Lost some 80,000
zulusProtected the Zulu culture and some land
Slide17Berlin Conference of 1884
Decided that Africa should be “civilized”Africa is divided by the participating countries and ruledMembers:France, Germany, Belgium and Britain
By 1902, 90% of Africa is owned by Europeans
Slide18French in Africa
Conquer and convertMilitary occupation along shoreMissionaries inlandTrade for Slaves and gold
Slide19France in Africa
West to EastColonizing Strategy
Slide20French Speaking Countries Today
Slide21Germany in Africa
Togo, Cameroon, German Southwest Africa, German East AfricaJumped in late and took what they could.(Realpolitik)
German goods: Sisal, cotton, coffee, rubber.
Slide22Slide23Slide24Belgium
King Leopold II conquers the Belgian CongoPuts harsh racist restrictions on the natives called Apartheids
Slide25Worked natives extensively for
raw materials Vegetable oilRubberClothing
Bananas/foods
Medicines
Ivory Around 10 million killed
Slide26Victims
It is blood-curdling to see them (the soldiers) returning with the hands of the slain, and to find the hands of young children amongst the bigger ones evidencing their bravery...The rubber from this district has cost hundreds of lives, and the scenes I have witnessed, while unable to help the oppressed, have been almost enough to make me wish I were dead... This rubber traffic is steeped in blood, and if the natives were to rise and sweep every white person on the Upper Congo into eternity, there would still be left a fearful balance to their credit.
-- Belgian Official
Slide27Eventual Independence
Slide28Russia vs. British
Vied for control of Afghanistan and PersiaRussia searching for a “warm water port”British want a buffer
Support free Iranian state
Slide29The British take over India
What do the British see in India? British East India Trading Company had conquered India, Bangladesh and Pakistan
Still Allow the Mogul Empire to exist under guidance of EIC.
Slide30Slide31Trade
British take advantage of Indian Culture (remember social structure and Hinduism)Indians produce cotton, tobacco, opium, and precious metals that are exported to Britain
Slide32Slide33Cultural integration
Idea: Make India like BritainOutlawed many Indian and Hindu customsEx. Sati
Slide34Simla Karachi, 1896
Slide35Victoria Station, Bombay
Slide36The British in India
British built railroad network to transport goods (using Indian Labor)
Slide37The
SepoyIndian soldiers that fought for the BritishBritish used them to gain control over all of IndiaFought against other Indians and in WWI
Slide38Slide39Life for the British in India
Slide40Sepoy Revolt (1857)
Sepoys revolt against the BritishStory goes…Also, reports of Racial Bias
Sepoys
quickly gain society support and territory
Slide41Area of Revolt
Of 140,000 Sepoys, less than 8,000 were loyal to British Delhi becomes a disasterBy 1858, British troops arrive and squelch revolt
Slide42Results
British retaliationInstitute “The Devil’s Wind”
Direct British Crown Rule
Queen Victoria “Empress of India”
Slide43Execution of Sepoys
Slide44The Raj (king)
British Crown rules from 1857 until 1947ViceroysEconomics:High taxation
Cultural repercussions
“Divide and rule”
Slide45Slide46Cambodia and Phnom Pehn
Siam and Vietnam fight for control in early 1800’s.Cambodia becomes a suzerainty protectorate of France.
Lasts from 1863-1957
King
Norodom seen as savior of Cambodia
Slide47Slide48China and the Opium Wars
China had practiced IsolationismWhen they did open up, they enjoyed a trade surplus, while Europe suffered a trade deficit
British start trading opium to the Chinese for tea
China becomes addicted to opium; start running a deficit to pay for the drug
Slide49Slide50Slide51Indemnity to Britain
Define indemnity: payment for loss/casualties
British defeat Chinese, make China pay
China gives British Hong Kong (which British keep until 1997)
China must give payments, or indemnities, to the BritishChina must open up 5 ports, and grant extraterritoriality to the British
Slide52The Boxer Rebellion
Uprising by the “Righteous Harmonious Fists” in 1899 (a conservative group nicknamed the Boxers)Quickly suppressed by multinational force of:USAJapan
British
French
Germans
Slide53Slide54Imperialist Japan
Shogun promotes an Isolationist approach through the early 1800’sCommodore Matthew Perry opens trade in 1853
Slide55The Meiji Revolt - 1868
A
powerful group
of
samurai
overthrow the
Shogun. Sakamoto Ryoma
, the hero.
He helped Japan
emerge from
feudalism into a unified modern
state.
Slide56The Emperor Is “Restored” to Power
MEIJI
“Enlightened Rule”
Slide57Government
Adopt a government from the GermansPromoted equal rightsThe Diet- the Japanese legislature divided into: The House of Representatives and…
The House of Peers
Kept the emperor as head
Slide58Japan westernizes
Economically industrializesBuild RR’s, banks and a postal systemFactories and companies emergeEx. Mitsubishi
Zaibatsu
rules Japanese economy
Culturally adopts European or American traditions, clothing and customs
Slide59Slide60Newspaper Cartoon, 1870s?
Enlightened Half-Enlightened Un-Enlightened
Slide61Japanese Social Darwinism
Two Japanese Groups:junketsu (pure-blood)konketsu
(mixed-blood).
[
Slide62Japan Annexes Korea
Slide63Sino-Japanese War (1894-1895)
Japanese defeat the Chinese badly
Slide64The
Battle of Tsushima
:
The results startled the world!
The Russo-Japanese War:
1904-1905
Slide65The Russo-Japanese War:
1904-1905Russia loses to the Japanese
Sign the Treaty of Portsmouth
Japan gets Manchuria from the Russians
Japan solidifies control of Korea
Slide66Slide67Japan Is a Player in China
Slide68Australia
A penal colonySome stats of people that were sent there:80% men; 20% women70% English
24% Irish
5% Scottish
Rest were from British Colonies
Slide69Port Arthur
Slide70Aborigines
Indigenous culture of Australia
About 517,000 today
A culture of 25,000 years!
A backwards nation when the British bring convicts to Australia…
Slide71Slide72Ayer’s Rock
Slide73Slide74Australia
Declares independence in 1901But, still a sphere of influence for Great BritainWe’ll see in WWI (1914-1918)
Slide75Slide76In Conclusion:
The Imperialist movement:Used Brute force and or economic control to strengthen European countries (and Japan)Inspired competition between European countriesConnected the world together economically
Introduced western economics and government to all parts of the world