PPT-Substance dualism Michael Lacewing

enquiriesalevelphilosophycouk Substance and properties A substance is an entity a thing that does not depend on another entity for its continued existence It has ontological independence. The reading for today is Ch. 1 of . Philosophy of Mind: A Beginner’s Guide. .. Substances and Properties. The . properties. of a thing are the ways that that thing is, the . features. , . characteristics. enquiries@alevelphilosophy.co.uk. © Michael Lacewing. A. ct . utilitarianism. Actions . are morally right or wrong depending on their consequences and nothing else. An act is right if it maximises what is good.. enquiries@alevelphilosophy.co.uk. (c) Michael Lacewing. Omniscience. Omni-: ‘all’; . scient. : ‘knowing’. Is it possible to know . everything. ?. God is the most perfect . possible . being. So omniscience is ‘. enquiries@alevelphilosophy.co.uk. (c) Michael Lacewing. God and time. God is self-. sufficient.. Therefore, God is dependent . on nothing else for . existence.. Therefore, nothing can end God’s existence.. enquiries@alevelphilosophy.co.uk. © Michael Lacewing. Stealing. Steal: . to take someone else’s property with no intention of returning it and without their permission (or without the legal right to do so. enquiries@alevelphilosophy.co.uk. (c) Michael Lacewing. Hedonist act utilitarianism. Actions . are morally right or wrong depending on their consequences and nothing else. An act is right if it maximises what is good.. Michael Lacewing. enquiries@alevelphilosophy.co.uk. (c) Michael Lacewing. Substance dualism. Substance dualism. : there are two sorts of substance, mind (or soul) and matter. Minds. are distinct from bodies. Michael Lacewing. enquiries@alevelphilosophy.co.uk. © Michael Lacewing. Substance dualism. Substance dualism: minds are not bodies, not parts of bodies, nor properties of bodies, but distinct substances. Michael Lacewing. enquiries@alevelphilosophy.co.uk. © Michael Lacewing. Deontology. Morality is a matter of duty.. Whether something is right or wrong doesn’t depend on its consequences. Actions are right or wrong in themselves.. enquiries@alevelphilosophy.co.uk. © Michael Lacewing. Idealism. Idealism: everything that exists is a mind or dependent on a . mind. Berkeley: . to . be is to be perceived (or to perceive): . esse est percipi . enquiries@alevelphilosophy.co.uk. © Michael Lacewing . What do we perceive?. Direct realism: we perceive physical objects, which exist independent of our experience. Physical objects existed before minds. enquiries@alevelphilosophy.co.uk. Metaphysics. What is the fundamental nature of reality?. Ontology: What exists?. What is the nature of what exists?. What is the mind or mental properties?. Start with substance and properties. enquiries@alevelphilosophy.co.uk. © Michael Lacewing. Substance and properties. A substance is an entity, a thing, that does not depend on another entity for its continued existence. . It has ‘ontological independence’. enquiries@alevelphilosophy.co.uk. (c) Michael Lacewing. N. on. -. cognitivism and anti-realism. What are we doing when we. make moral judgments?. Non. -cognitivism: moral judgments. Do not aim to describe the world.