Defining Motivation Key Elements Intensity how hard a person tries Direction toward beneficial goal Persistence how long a person tries industrial and organization psychology Findy Suri UMA ID: 934324
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Slide1
Motivation concept
industrial and organization psychology - Findy Suri - UMA
Slide2Defining Motivation
Key Elements
Intensity: how hard a person tries
Direction: toward beneficial goal
Persistence: how long a person tries
industrial and organization psychology - Findy Suri - UMA
Slide3Early Theory of motivation
-
Maslow’s
Hierarchy of Needs
Theory
-McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y-Herzberg’s Two-Factor (Motivation-Hygiene) Theory-McClellan’s Theory of Needs (Three Needs Theory)industrial and organization psychology - Findy Suri - UMA
Slide4Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory
Upper
Lower
industrial and organization psychology - Findy Suri - UMA
Slide5Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Physiological
includes hunger, thirst, shelter, sex and other bodily needs Safety
includes security and protection from physical and emotional harm Social includes affection, belongingness acceptance, and friendship Esteem includes internal esteem factors such as self-respect, autonomy, and achievement; and external esteem factors such as status, recognition, and attention Self-actualization the drive to become what one is capable of becoming; includes growth, achieving one’s potential, and self-fulfillment industrial and organization psychology - Findy Suri - UMA
Slide6Theory X and Theory Y (Douglas McGregor)
industrial and organization psychology - Findy Suri - UMA
Slide7Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory
Quality of supervision
Pay
Company policies
Physical working conditions
Relationships
Job security
Hygiene Factors
Dissatisfied
Not Dissatisfied
Promotional opportunities
Opportunities for personal growth
Recognition
Responsibility
Achievement
Motivation Factors
Satisfied
Not Satisfied
industrial and organization psychology - Findy Suri - UMA
Slide8David McClelland’s Theory of Needs
nAch
nPow
nAff
industrial and organization psychology - Findy Suri - UMA
Slide9McClelland's Theory of Needs
Need for
Achievement
(nAch)
The drive to excel Need for Power (nPow) The need to make others behave in a way they would not have behaved otherwise
Need for Affiliation (nAff) The desire for friendly and close interpersonal relationships industrial and organization psychology - Findy Suri - UMA
Slide10McClelland's High Achievers
High achievers prefer jobs
with:
Personal responsibility
Feedback
Intermediate degree of risk (50/50)High achievers are not necessarily good managersHigh nPow and low nAff is related to managerial successindustrial and organization psychology - Findy Suri - UMA
Slide11Contemporary Theories of Motivation
Self-Determination Theory
Job engagement
Goal-Setting Theory
Equity Theory
industrial and organization psychology - Findy Suri - UMA
Slide12Self-Determination Theory
People prefer to have control over their actions so when they feel they are forced to do something they previously enjoyed motivation will decrease
One example is the Cognitive Evaluation Theory proposes that the introduction of extrinsic rewards for work (pay) that was previously intrinsically rewarding tends to decrease overall motivation.
Verbal rewards increase intrinsic motivation, while tangible rewards undermine it
industrial and organization psychology - Findy Suri - UMA
Slide13Goal-Setting Theory
Goals increase performance when the goals are:
Specific
Difficult, but accepted by employees
Accompanied by feedback (especially self-generated feedback
)Why??FocusEnergyEffort Strategyindustrial and organization psychology - Findy Suri - UMA
Slide14Equity Theory
Employees weigh what they put into a job situation (input) against what they get from it (outcome).
They compare their input-outcome ratio with the input-outcome ratio of relevant others.
Jane best student- pay well / month, after 12 months his motivation decrease ..
Your Output
Your InputMy Output
My Input
industrial and organization psychology - Findy Suri - UMA
Slide15Equity Theory: Forms of Justice
industrial and organization psychology - Findy Suri - UMA