PPT-ALCOHOLS What are Alcohols?

The term alcohol is applied to all organic compounds whose molecules contain hydroxyl group OH attached to a saturated carbon atom The general formula is ROH R Alkyl group OH the functional group of alcohol. Thiols. , Phenols, . And Ethers. IUG, . Fall . 2013. Dr. . Tarek. . Zaida. 1. 1. Alcohols. Alcohols are derivatives of hydrocarbons in which 1 or more of the hydrogen atoms has been replaced by a hydroxyl (-OH) . Alcohols and Ethers. Alcohols. Alcohols are compounds whose molecules have a hydroxyl group attached to a saturated carbon atom. The saturated carbon may be that of a simple alkyl group . Examples. Or the saturated carbon may be connected to an . Alcohol Reactions. 1. Dehydration - . elimination of water. water is eliminated from adjacent carbon atoms and a second bond is formed between the 2 carbon atoms. uses a large amount of alcohol and a small amount of acid (H. 9-4. Organic esters are derivatives of carboxylic acids.. Inorganic esters are the analogous derivatives of inorganic acids.. Organic and Inorganic Esters from Alcohols. 9-4. Alcohols react with carboxylic acids to give organic esters.. 8-4. Methanol is commercially synthesized from . synthesis gas. , a mixture of CO and H. 2. :. A change of catalyst leads to the production of 1,2-ethanediol:. Ethanol can be prepared by the fermentation of sugars or the hydration of ethene:. Learning Objectives:. Know the general formula for alcohols.. Be able to name alcohols.. Describe the shape of alcohols.. Classify primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols.. Describe the physical properties of alcohols.. Starter:. Draw a graph to compare the boiling points of alkanes and alcohols. Keywords:. Volatility, solubility, hydrogen bonding. Alkane. Molecular mass. Boiling point. 30. -89. 44. -42. 58. -0.5. 72. Thiols. , . and ethers. Nomencalture. of alcohols. Use the end . ol. Examples. . Hydrogen bonding in alcohols and phenols. Alcohols and phenols form hydrogen bonds, and hence they have relatively high boiling points. This also makes the lower alcohols miscible with water. As the R group becomes larger, the solubility of alcohols in water decreases dramatically.. Higher Supported Study . Week 3 – Part 2 . Chemistry of Cooking – Key Areas. Shapes of Proteins. Denaturing of Proteins . Flavour and Aroma Molecules. Aldehydes and Ketones. Tests to differentiate between Aldehydes and Ketones. PHENOLS. Alcohols and Phenols. Alcohols contain an OH group connected to a . a. saturated C (sp. 3. ). They are important solvents and synthesis intermediates. Phenols contain an OH group connected to a carbon in a benzene ring. 45. -Alcohols . have the general formula R. -. OH and are characterized by the presence of a . hydroxyl group, . -. OH. . -Phenols . have a hydroxyl group attached directly to an aromatic ring. . -Thiols . Chapter . 13. Alcohols, Phenols, . Thiols. , and Ethers. Anesthesia is typically administered by a nurse anesthetist who provides care before, during, and after a medical procedure. A nurse anesthetist gives medications to keep a patient asleep and pain-free while monitoring the patient’s vital signs. , Ethers, Aldehydes, and Ketones. Anesthesia is typically administered by a nurse anesthetist who provides care before, during, and after a medical procedure. A nurse anesthetist gives medications to keep a patient asleep and pain-free while monitoring the patient’s vital signs.. Ch. 11.4. Combustion of alcohols . Alcohols undergo complete combustion to form carbon dioxide and water.. Denatured alcohol is a useful portable fuel (e.g. for camping stoves) as, unlike LPG, it does not need to be transported in heavy, specialized containers. It is also used as a solvent..