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Ottoman & Mughal Empires Ottoman & Mughal Empires

Ottoman & Mughal Empires - PowerPoint Presentation

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Uploaded On 2016-03-26

Ottoman & Mughal Empires - PPT Presentation

Essential Questions How did the Ottomans get their name What is the Millet System Who are Janissaries What leader challenged the Ottomans expansion What was the new name for the Ottoman capital ID: 269711

ottoman empire military mughal empire ottoman mughal military amp power sultan rulers capital war soldiers picture decline expansion ottomans leader society timur

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Presentation Transcript

Slide1

Ottoman & Mughal EmpiresSlide2

Essential Questions

How did the Ottomans get their name?

What is the Millet System?

Who are Janissaries?

What leader challenged the Ottomans expansion?

What was the new name for the Ottoman capital?

Why would the Ottoman Empire decline? Slide3

Rise of the Ottoman

Ghazis- 1

st

Ottomans were Turkish soldiers or warriors for Islam.

Escaped the Mongols

1200’s Osman- would fight the Byzantines and have success.

Osman’s tribe= Ottoman’s Slide4

The Ottoman Bureaucracy

SULTAN

Divans

Social / Military

Divans

Heads of

Individual

Religious

Millets

Local Administrators

& Military

Landowners /

Tax Collectors

Muslims

Jews

ChristiansSlide5

Government & Society

Society 2 main groups- rulers and society

Reaya

- “Protected Flock” masses of ordinary subjects.

Millet system- group of different religious communities.

Each could operate under its own law and customs.

Courts and collected taxes

Education, health, and safety of its membersSlide6

Army and Challenges

Janissaries- Highly trained slave troops.

War captive European soldiers.

Schooled and converted to Islam

Gained power & served the SultanSlide7

Left Picture-Siege of Rhodes in 1522.

Right Picture- Picture of new soldiers. Slide8

Challenges

Turko-Mongol leader Timur slowed expansion

Timur claimed he was a descendent of Genghis Khan.

Strong military leader who would capture the sultan and for his return gain territory for all ghazi leaders.Slide9

Recovery and Expansion of the Empire

Timur- caused a civil war in the Ottoman Empire.

People were arguing over who should be the next Sultan.

What is the importance of a Civil War?

Murad

II took over in 1444 and defeated the last of the crusaders.

Mehmed II would expand the empire and take over Constantinople in 1453 and rename it Istanbul became the Ottoman capital. Slide10

Mehmed IISlide11

The Ottoman Capital ConstantinopleSlide12

Suleyman

“The Magnificent”

1520-1566

Suleyman’s

Signature Slide13

Ottoman Empire 1300-1699Slide14

Decline

Expands Empire to Vienna.

Suleyman dies in 1566.

Slow decline

Military weakens

European rulers take over land

Economy

Starts to struggle

Lose silk and spice tradeSultans lose power and respectGovernment Corruption

Failed military revisionsWeak Sultans Slide15
Slide16

Mughal Empire

Controlled the area of present day India

Rose to power when RAJPUTS (warrior princes) challenged the Turkish rulers of the area

Babur led the Mughal Empire and established its dominanceSlide17

The growth of power

Akbar became the greatest of Mughal rulers

Ruled at the age of 13 from 1556 to 1605

Improved the tax system

Taxes were based off of what a village could produce over a 10 year period

He tolerated all religions

Repealed any taxes non-Muslims once had to paySlide18

Taj

Mahal

Built by Shah

Jahan

He ruled from 1628-1658

Built for his wife,

Mumtaz MahalThe

Taj Mahal is her tombSlide19

Sikh

A new religion formed out of Hindu and Muslim cultures

Devotion to one God

No idols

Less rigid social system

Became militant – Often fighting the Mughal Empire and Muslim Empires