Essential Questions How did the Ottomans get their name What is the Millet System Who are Janissaries What leader challenged the Ottomans expansion What was the new name for the Ottoman capital ID: 269711
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Slide1
Ottoman & Mughal EmpiresSlide2
Essential Questions
How did the Ottomans get their name?
What is the Millet System?
Who are Janissaries?
What leader challenged the Ottomans expansion?
What was the new name for the Ottoman capital?
Why would the Ottoman Empire decline? Slide3
Rise of the Ottoman
Ghazis- 1
st
Ottomans were Turkish soldiers or warriors for Islam.
Escaped the Mongols
1200’s Osman- would fight the Byzantines and have success.
Osman’s tribe= Ottoman’s Slide4
The Ottoman Bureaucracy
SULTAN
Divans
Social / Military
Divans
Heads of
Individual
Religious
Millets
Local Administrators
& Military
Landowners /
Tax Collectors
Muslims
Jews
ChristiansSlide5
Government & Society
Society 2 main groups- rulers and society
Reaya
- “Protected Flock” masses of ordinary subjects.
Millet system- group of different religious communities.
Each could operate under its own law and customs.
Courts and collected taxes
Education, health, and safety of its membersSlide6
Army and Challenges
Janissaries- Highly trained slave troops.
War captive European soldiers.
Schooled and converted to Islam
Gained power & served the SultanSlide7
Left Picture-Siege of Rhodes in 1522.
Right Picture- Picture of new soldiers. Slide8
Challenges
Turko-Mongol leader Timur slowed expansion
Timur claimed he was a descendent of Genghis Khan.
Strong military leader who would capture the sultan and for his return gain territory for all ghazi leaders.Slide9
Recovery and Expansion of the Empire
Timur- caused a civil war in the Ottoman Empire.
People were arguing over who should be the next Sultan.
What is the importance of a Civil War?
Murad
II took over in 1444 and defeated the last of the crusaders.
Mehmed II would expand the empire and take over Constantinople in 1453 and rename it Istanbul became the Ottoman capital. Slide10
Mehmed IISlide11
The Ottoman Capital ConstantinopleSlide12
Suleyman
“The Magnificent”
1520-1566
Suleyman’s
Signature Slide13
Ottoman Empire 1300-1699Slide14
Decline
Expands Empire to Vienna.
Suleyman dies in 1566.
Slow decline
Military weakens
European rulers take over land
Economy
Starts to struggle
Lose silk and spice tradeSultans lose power and respectGovernment Corruption
Failed military revisionsWeak Sultans Slide15Slide16
Mughal Empire
Controlled the area of present day India
Rose to power when RAJPUTS (warrior princes) challenged the Turkish rulers of the area
Babur led the Mughal Empire and established its dominanceSlide17
The growth of power
Akbar became the greatest of Mughal rulers
Ruled at the age of 13 from 1556 to 1605
Improved the tax system
Taxes were based off of what a village could produce over a 10 year period
He tolerated all religions
Repealed any taxes non-Muslims once had to paySlide18
Taj
Mahal
Built by Shah
Jahan
He ruled from 1628-1658
Built for his wife,
Mumtaz MahalThe
Taj Mahal is her tombSlide19
Sikh
A new religion formed out of Hindu and Muslim cultures
Devotion to one God
No idols
Less rigid social system
Became militant – Often fighting the Mughal Empire and Muslim Empires