PDF-Reductive Amination of Aldehydes and Ketones with Sodi

Studies on Direct and Indirect Reductive Amination Procedures Ahmed F AbdelMagid Kenneth G Carson Bruce D Harris Cynthia A Maryanoff and Rekha D Shah The R W Johnson Pharmaceutical Research Institute Department of Chemical Development Spring House P. Aldehydes. The term Aldehyde come for the words . al. cohol . dehy. drogenation. . Preparation: Oxidation of primary alcohols according to the following equation:. Note: Oxidation can be considered as removal of hydrogens. 18-4. Alkylation of enolates can be difficult to control.. The alkylation of an aldehyde or ketone enolate is an example of a nucleophilic substitution reaction.. The alkylation of aldehydes and ketones is complicated by several unwanted side reactions.. By . Yemi. . Oduwole. What are Flavoring Agents?. Flavoring agents are considered the largest compounds used as . FOOD ADDITIVES. . . Food and beverage applications . of these additives are . not limited to dairy, fruit, nut, seafood, spice blends, vegetables and . In General. Fragrant odors. Basic building block of housing materials. Hormones. Digestion. Vision. 2. In General. Carbonyl group. C=O. Aldehydes. RCH=O. Formyl. Ketones. RC=OR’. 3. Nomenclature. The Civet Cat is the original source of . civetone. , a sweet and pungent ketone used as a fixative in perfumery. Aldehydes and ketones are found in many fragrant odors of many fruits, fine perfumes, hormones etc. some examples are listed below.. 17-7. Aldehydes and ketones form hemiacetals reversibly.. The reaction of alcohols with aldehydes and ketones parallels the reaction with water:. These equilibria usually favor the starting carbonyl compound.. 18-1. The pK. a. values of the . -hydrogens of aldehydes and ketones range from 16 to 21, comparable to those of alcohols (15-18).. Strong bases can remove  hydrogens leading to anions called . Before you can learn about aldehydes and ketones, you must first know something about the nomenclature of carboxylic acids since many of the names of aldehydes and ketones are derived from the names of the corresponding carboxylic acids.. 17-4. Laboratory syntheses of aldehydes and ketones use four common methods.. Oxidation of alcohols:. Ozonolysis:. Hydration of the carbon-carbon triple bond y. ields enols that tautomerize to carbonyl compounds.. Higher Supported Study . Week 3 – Part 2 . Chemistry of Cooking – Key Areas. Shapes of Proteins. Denaturing of Proteins . Flavour and Aroma Molecules. Aldehydes and Ketones. Tests to differentiate between Aldehydes and Ketones. Fourth Edition. Karen Timberlake. 14.1. Aldehydes and Ketones. Chapter 14. Aldehydes, Ketones, and Chiral Molecules. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. Lectures. Aldehydes and Ketones. A . carbonyl group. Do Now: Write the molecular formula for the two sugars on the right. Are they isomers?. General formula: R. . C. . H or RCHO. Carbonyl group . just like ketone except . always. . at end of aldehyde . Organic compounds. Functional group identification. Many organic compounds contain an atom or group of atoms that substitute for hydrogen or carbon in a basic hydrocarbon.. The atom or group of atoms is commonly referred to as functional group.. Carbonyl Compounds. Contain the carbonyl group . C=O. . Aldehydes: . R may be hydrogen, usually a carbon containing group. Ketones: . R contains carbon. Short. forms. Structures of Aldehydes . and Ketones.