DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION OLUWADARET DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNITY MEDICINE ABUAD Definition of disease control Ongoing operations aimed at reducing Incidence of disease Duration of disease Effects of infection ID: 1045067
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2. STRATEGIES AND METHODS IN DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTIONOLUWADARE.TDEPARTMENT OF COMMUNITY MEDICINE ABUAD
3. Definition of disease controlOngoing operations aimed at reducing:Incidence of diseaseDuration of diseaseEffects of infectionBurden of disease Introduction
4. Requirement for effective disease controlMagnitude of diseaseDistributionMultifactorial causationSources of infectionDynamics of transmissionIntroduction contd.
5. SOURCE/RESERVOIR OF INFECTIONMODE OF TRANSMISSIONSUSCEPTIBLE HOSTCHAIN OF INFECTIONTetanusTyphoid Ebola
6. 1.Controlling the reservoirEarly diagnosisNotificationEpidemiological investigationIsolationTreatment QuarantineDisinfectionHealth education Principles/methods
7. Controlling the reservoirEarly diagnosisIt is needed for treatmentEpidemiological investigationTo study the distributionTo institute control measuresPrinciples/methods contd.
8. Controlling the reservoirNotificationDiseases under WHO surveillance & IHR includeParalytic polioMalariaViral influenzaRelapsing feverCholera SARSImportant source of epidemiological informationEarly detection of disease outbreakPrinciples/methods contd.
9. Controlling the reservoirEpidemiological investigationPrinciples/methods contd.
10. Controlling the reservoirIsolation It is separation, for the period of communicability of infected persons or animals from others in such places and under such conditions, as to prevent or limit the direct or indirect transmission of the infectious agent from those infected to those who are susceptible, or who may spread the agent to others.Principles/methods contd.
11. Controlling the reservoirIsolation PurposeTypes of isolation Strict isolationStandard isolationProtective isolationHigh security isolationChemical isolation Ring immunizationPrinciples/methods contd.
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13. Controlling the reservoirQuarantine Absolute quarantineModified quarantineSegregation quarantine Principles/methods contd.
14. Controlling the reservoirQuarantineIt is the limitation of freedom of movement of such well persons or domestic animals exposed to communicable disease for a period of time not longer than the longest usual incubation period of the disease, in such manner as to prevent effective contact with those not so exposed.Principles/methods contd.
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16. Controlling the reservoirTreatment Individual/mass treatmentReduces period of communicabilityCut short the duration of illnessPrevent the development of secondary casesPrinciples/methods contd.
17. Controlling the reservoirDisinfectionIt is the killing of infectious agents outside of the body by direct exposure to chemical or physical agents.Principles/methods contd.
18. Types of disinfection Pre-current disinfectionConcurrent disinfectionTerminal disinfectionAgents use for disinfectionPrinciples/methods contd.
19. 2. Interrupting transmissionPrinciples/methods contd.
20. 3. The susceptible hostActive immunizationMust be epidemiologically relevantImmunologically effectiveOperationally feasibleSocially acceptableHealth educationPrinciples/methods contd.
21. Levels of disease prevention4 Levels of disease preventionPrimordial preventionPrimary preventionSecondary preventionTertiary preventionDisease prevention
22. Primordial preventionThis is prevention of the emergence or development of risk factors in countries or population or population groups in which they have not yet appeared.Disease prevention contd.
23. Primary prevention It is the action taken prior to the onset of disease, which removes the possibility that a disease will ever occur. Disease prevention contd.
24. Secondary prevention It is the action which halts the progress of a disease at its incipient stage and prevent complications.Disease prevention contd.
25. Tertiary prevention It can be defined as all measures available to reduce or limit impairments and disabilities, minimize suffering and to promote patient’s adjustment to irremediable conditions. Disease prevention contd.
26. Health promotionSpecific measuresEarly diagnosis and treatmentDisability limitationRehabilitation Strategies in disease prevention
27. Health promotionHealth educationEnvironmental modificationNutritional interventionLifestyle and behavioral changes Strategies in disease prevention contd.
28. Specific measuresImmunization Specific nutrientsChemoprophylaxisProtection against accidentProtection from carcinogenControl of specific hazards in the general environmentControl of consumer product quality& safety of food, drug, cosmetics etcStrategies in disease prevention contd.
29. Early diagnosis and treatmentStrategies in disease prevention contd.
30. Disability limitationImpairmentDisabilityHandicapStrategies in disease prevention contd.
31. Impairment: is any loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological or anatomical structure or functionStrategies in disease prevention contd.
32. Disability: is any restriction or lack of ability to perform an activity in the manner or within the range considered normal for human beingStrategies in disease prevention contd.
33. Handicap: a disadvantage for a given individual, resulting from an impairment or a disability, that limits or prevents the fulfillment of a role that is normal for that individual Strategies in disease prevention contd.
34. ExampleAccident ------ disease or disorderLoss of foot ------ impairmentCannot walk -------- disability (objectified)Unemployed --------- handicap (socialized)Strategies in disease prevention contd.
35. RehabilitationMedical rehabilitationVocational rehabilitationSocial rehabilitation Psychological rehabilitation Examples Strategies in disease prevention contd.
36. There are three levels of prevention. T/FIn disease prevention the disease agent is permitted to exist at the threshold of the local community. T/FSecondary prevention targets the pre-pathogenesis stage. T/FSecondary prevention is cost effective. T/FTest questions
37. Match group A with group B GROUP A GROUP BPrimordial P. Early diagnosis& treatmentPrimary P. Health promotionSecondary P. Specific measuresTertiary P. Rehabilitation Disability LimitationTest questions
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39. The weakest link in the chain of transmission of malaria is …….An individual diagnosed of Ebola should be …….People on board a flight with an index case of Ebola should be …….Tetanus can best be controlled by …….Malaria vaccines will be available for use in Gambia come year 2018. T/FPolio has been eradicated in Nigeria. T/FTest questions
40. Mode of transmissionIsolatedQuarantinedVaccination/ImmunizationFFANSWERS