3 protocontinents Rift valley Aravalli Dhrawad Singhbhum Narmada Son Godavari Mahanadi Damodar Crack over western coast Break up from Gondawana Western Ghats Northern Plains Slope South eastern ID: 1018259
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1. Indian GeographyPhysical geography of India
2.
3. 3 proto-continentsRift valleyAravalliDhrawadSinghbhumNarmadaSonGodavariMahanadiDamodar
4. Crack over western coastBreak up from Gondawana
5. Western Ghats Northern PlainsSlope: South eastern
6. Physiography of India
7. Pre-Cambrian old region8 divisions:N-C highlandsS-C highlandsEastern plateauNorth DeccanSouth DeccanWestern GhatsEastern GhatsMeghalaya uplandsIndian peninsular plateau
8. N-C highlandsS-C highlandsEastern plateauNorth DeccanSouth DeccanWestern GhatsEastern GhatsMeghalaya uplandsIndian peninsular plateau
9. Aravalli Mahabharat Uplands Madhya Bharat Pathar BundelkhandN-C highlands1432
10. One of the oldest mt rangeSedimentary, metamorphosed rocks – marble, quartziteFrom Palanpur to Delhi ridgeSource of Sabarmati, Luni and Banas (tri. Chmbal)Aravalli range
11. Granite, gneissic rocksDrought-prone – low agro-productivityJhansi, Gwalior, HamirpurBundelkhand
12. Vindhyan rangeMalawa plateauNarmada valleyS-C highlands123
13. From GJ to Bihar Rifting- southern slope steeper than northern slopeVindhyan range
14. Source of many north flowing riversChmabal, Sindh, Betwa and Ken(tributaries of Yamuna)Water divide of central IndiaVindhyan rangeVindhyan range
15. Located btwn Arvalli and Vindhyan rangeSemi arid regionFaulty agro-practice- high soil erosion – gully erosion- ‘Chambal badlands’Historically known as KhandeshMalawa plateau
16. BaghelkhandGarhjat hills, Rajmahal hills, Mahanadi basin, DandkarnyaChotanagpur plateauEastern plateau123645
17. Craton of Singhbhum – metallic mineral richRifting along Damodar valley – 2 partsN. – Hazaribaug PlateauS. – Ranchi plateauDamodar and MahanadiRifting – coal formationUnique coal + iron combinationChhota Nagpur plateauRanchi pltHazaribaug plt
18. Rajmahal hills NE edge of Chhota Nagpur plt.Garhjat hills – southern edge of Chhotanagpur plt Chhota Nagpur plateauGarhjat hillsRajmahal hills
19. Radial drainage1) North koel, (tri. Of Son), 2) Damodar, Barakar3) Subarnrekha4) South koel rivers (tri. Of Brahmani)Chhota Nagpur plateauChhota Nagpur plateauNorth koel riverSubarnarekha riverSouth Koel
20. 3 parts of plateauGaro-Khasi-JaintiaGaro (Nokrek), Khasi (Shillong)Mikir, Regma, Barail rangesKapilli river separates mikir, Regma & Barail from Meghalaya plateauMeghalaya PlateauMikir hillsRegma hillsKapilli river
21. Extension of Peninsular blockSeparated from Chhotanagpur plateauDown warping along Rajmahal –garo hills = ‘malda gap’Ganga-Brahmaputra flow through the Malda gapMeghalaya PlateauRajmahal hillsMalda gap
22. Hills are not very highNot effective in blocking the rain bearing winds – reach till Arunachal PradeshBut pass with funnel effect – heavy rainfall in MeghalayaBut inadequate storage – water shortage Meghalaya PlateauMonsoon winds
23. India pass over Reunion hot spotBasaltic lava flowLayer over layer of lava formationLook like steps – trapsDeccan traps
24. Satpura range (Rajpipla, Gawilgarh, Mahaev, Maikal, Amarkantak plt.)Maharastra plateauNorth DeccanSatpura rangeMH plateau
25. fold mt. of Archaenean –then faultingRajpipla (GJ)Gawilgarh (MH) Mahadeo (MP), Maikal (Chh)Highest peak – Dhupgarh (Mahadeo) Satpura range1234
26. Amarkantak plateau- east of Maikal rangeSource of Narmada and Son (tri. Of Ganga)Betul plateau – south of Mahado hillssource of river Tapi, Pench/ Wainganga river (Tri. Of Godavari)Satpura Range1234Betul plateauAmarkantak plateau
27. Prelims 2007Q. Which one of the following rivers originate in Amarkantak?DamodarMahanadiNarmadaTapiAns. c)UPSCQuestion
28. Shield –crystalline rocksOverland by lava flowIn south merge with KN plateau and in east with Telangana plateauMH plateauMH plateauAjantasatmalaBalaghatHarishchandraTelangana pltKN pltWestern Ghats
29. 1) KN -Dharwad pltOne of the oldest physiographical region2) Telangana plateauSouth Deccan2
30. Baba budan hills, Maidan and MalnadMalnad = forested Maidan = aridHighest peak of Baba Budan = MulangiriKN plateauplainMalnadMaidanBanglore plateauBaba budan hills
31. The most oldest sedimentary rocks of IndiaAncient Dharwad craton (shield) – metallic mineral rich regionShimoga, Tumkur and Chitradurg, Chikmaglur of KN – mineral richDharwad plateau
32. Iron and limestoneBellary (KN) and upto Ratnagiri (MH) – Fe oreKemangundi and Kudremukh mines (near Chikmaglur)Dharwad plateau
33. Arachaean gneisses Avg. elevation 500-600mSouthern portion higher than northern partNorth – Satmala hillsSouth Sheshachalam hills, Rayanseema pltDrained by Godavari, Krishna and PenneruTelangana plateauGodavari riverKrishna riverPenneru riverBenglore plateauTelangana plateauSatmala hillsSheshachalam hills
34. GJ-MH-KN-TN-KRAjanta – Satmala – Balaghat – HarishchandraHighest peak: AnaimudiPasses:Thalghat – Btwn Mumbai-NashikBhor ghat – btwn Mumbai -PuneWestern GhatsAjantaSatmalaBalaghatHarishchandra
35. More rainfall in KNSteeper in MH, lower and broader in KNKR – isolated hills – rain bearing wind pass between gapsWestern Ghats: Rainfall pattern
36. KN: Gentle slope= Air parcel can retain energy and speed for a long time, allowing cloud droplets to grow and precipitate as rainfall.In Karnataka, mountains are continuous. No gaps= Clouds can’t easily escape to leeward side.Western Ghats: Rainfall pattern
37. Western Ghats- UNESCO world heritage site (evergreen to thorn)KN-TN-KR region:SHOLA forest –biosphere reserve –unique BD – above 2000m Stunted tropical montane forestWestern Ghats: ecology
38. KN-KR-TN region:Bandipur-Waynad-Mudumalai NP Largest population of leopards leopards + tigers+ wild dogsTN – tea-coffee KN –rubber, coffee, cashew plantationKR- spicesWestern Ghats: ecology and agriculture
39. Discontinuous range lower than western Ghats Northern circasNallamallaPalkondaJavadi ShevroyHighest peak: ArmakondaEastern Ghats12345
40. Laterite soilsBauxite deposits:MalaygiriNiyamgiri Baflai mali Panchpat maliPOSCO plant, NiyamgiriEastern Ghats`11243
41. South of Western Ghats but geologically not part of Western Ghats or Eastern GhatsNilgiri,AnamalaiPalaniKardamom hillsSouthern hill complex1234
42. Palghat – btwn Nilgiri and Annamalai hillsShenkotta gap– btwn CardamomHill stations:Nilgiri – OotyAnnamalai – MunnarPalani hills - KodaikanalSouthern complexNilgiriPalanicardamomAnnamalai
43. Prelims 2005Q. Which one of the following is correct sequence of hills starting from north to south?Nallamalla –Nilgiri –Javadi –Anamalai hillsAnamalai – Javadi –Nilgiri- Nallamalla hillsNallamalla –Javadi – Nilgiri- Anamalai hillsUPSCQuestion
44. Prelims 2005d) Anamalai – Nilgiri – javadi- NallamalaiUPSCQuestion
45. Hills of South IndiaNilgiriPalanicardamomAnnamalaiNallamallaJavadi
46. Prelims 2005c) Nallamalla –Javadi – Nilgiri- Anamalai hillsAns. C)UPSCQuestion
47. Prelims 2008Q. Which of the following hills are found where Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats meet?Anamalai hillsCardamom hillsNilgiri hillsShevroy hillsUPSCQuestion
48. Ans. C)Nilgiri hillsPhysical map of Southern India
49. Prelims 2005Q. Which of the following is not correct?Western Ghats are relatively lower in their northern regionThe Anaimudi is highest peak in western GhatsTapi river lie south of SatpuraThe Narmada and Tapi river valley are said to be old rift valleysAns. A) UPSCQuestion
50. Peninsular plateau – oldest and most stable regionRich in minerals – iron, limestone, bauxite98% of Gondwana coalPeninsular: ‘Regur’ black soil important for cotton and sugarcane cultivationPlantation agriculture in hilly areas: tea, coffee, rubber, spices, cashewsImportance of Peninsular plateau
51. Physiography of India
52. From Rann of Kutch to SundarbanWestern coastal plainEastern coastal plainCoastal plains12
53. Narrower than Eastern coastal plainSteeper fast flowing rivers – No alluvial depositsRivers form Estuaries and not deltasGood for Port developmentWestern coastal plain
54. Formation of 2 gulfs: gulf of Khambhat and gulf of KutchhNarmada, Mahi,Tapi and Sabarmati flow into Gulf of KhambhatKathiawar: radial drainageIslands: Alia bet, Pirotan island, DiuBaidar, Kora, Kurumbhar Is in g. of KutchhWestern coastal plainSabarmatiMahiNarmadaTapi
55. KR coast/Malabar coast:Vembnad lakePeriyar river merge near Vembnad lakeInner side – Ernakulam and outward side - KochiWestern coastal plainkochiVembnad lakePeriyar riverAnnamalai hills
56. Broader Large rivers –extensive delta formationMahanadi deltaGodavari delta Krishna delta Kaveri deltasEastern coastal plain
57. Odisha coast: Wheeler Is. –missile testingChilka lake (biggest)Olive ridley turtles –Ganjam coast- (nr. Mouth of Rushikulya river)Eastern Coastal PlainWheeler Is.Rushikulya riverChilka lake
58. Andhra coast:Kolleru lake –deltaic lake (Goadavari and Krishna rivers)Pulicut lake – split bar Shriharikota Is. (ISRO rocket launching station)Eastern Coastal plainsKolleru lakePulicut lake +Shriharikota Island
59. TN coast:Winter rainfallRameshwaram – Pamban Island – last point – DhanushkondiGulf of Mannar – biosphere reserveRam setu issueEastern PlainPalar riverVaigai riverKaveri riverCardamom hillsShevroy hillsJavadi hills
60. Physiography of India