AP World History Fascism Democracy Denied World War I causes Europeans to distrust democracy Communism Fascism Communism and fascism struggle for control over many European countries European countries especially Germany are desperate for relief of many ills ID: 279754
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Slide1
FAscism
AP World HistorySlide2
Fascism – Democracy Denied
World War I causes Europeans to distrust democracy
Communism
Fascism
Communism and fascism struggle for control over many European countries
European countries, especially Germany, are desperate for relief of many ills. Slide3
Fascism
Fascism – “State above All”
Intensely nationalistic, conservative, reactionary
Sought to revitalize their countries through any means necessary
Encouraged violence against enemies
Relied on charismatic leaders, oppression,
propoganda,and
theatrics to lead
Condemned individualism, liberalism, feminism, democracy and especially communism
All these isms “divided and weakened nations”Slide4
Fascism
Fascist parties existed throughout Europe but most powerful in Spain, Italy, and
especially GermanySlide5
Fascism in Italy
Social order threatened (conservative landlords, factory working class, veterans, communists, socialists, oh my!)
Benito
Mussolini : “Il Duce”
Charismatic – promised order, removal of communists
Private army (Black Shirts)
Oppression
violence
“the trains run on time”Slide6
Fascism in Italy
State control, state power
Democracy suspended
Opponents “went away” – deported, imprisoned, executed
Political parties, unions, peasant groups disbanded
Economically – corporate state – make what state needs
Culturally looked back to a “
pure”,
traditional Italian life
Catholic culture
Women as domestic beings, purpose to bear more children for stateSlide7Slide8
Fascism in Germany – The Nazis
The Rise of Hitler and the National Socialists (Nazis)
Weimar Republic a disaster, economy terrible
Elites attacked democratic politicians and blamed them for Germany’s problems
Workers facing massive unemployment
Elite and middle class conservatives turn toward fascism
Urban workers turn toward communism and socialism
Communists vs. FascistsSlide9Slide10
Fascism in Germany – The Nazis
Nazi Party – intensely nationalistic –
Germany was not only great, but her people racially superior
Claimed Germany’s problems were the fault of enemies within (Jews, among others) and enemies without (Britain, France, US)
Treaty of Versailles
Used depression to garner supportSlide11
Fascism in Germany – The Nazis
Hitler comes to power democratically
Policies did bring Germany out of depression
Keynesian infrastructure projects
Rearmament
Unemployment in 1932 – 6.2 million
1936 - <500,000Slide12Slide13
Fascism in Germany – The Nazis
Hitler, like Mussolini
Brown and Black Shirts
Charismatic
Invoked traditional imagery and
values
Hitler, unlike Mussolini
Intensely anti-Semitic
Jews as urban, capitalist, and
foreign-
all things good Germans were notSlide14Slide15Slide16Slide17Slide18
Fascism in Germany – The Nazis
Hitler achieved power democratically
Once elected, claimed dictatorial power “
Der
Fuhrer”
Scientific racism
Increasingly restricted Jewish life
Nuremberg Laws (1935)
Kristallnacht (1938)
German race, folk culture celebrated through theatrical rallies, etcSlide19Slide20Slide21Slide22
Fascism in Japan
Like Italy and Germany
Limited democratic experience
Struggled with unionization, women’s rights, in 1920s
Rice Riot 1918
Conflict between communism and right wing
Great Depression
Massive unemployment (urban)
Japanese doubt parliamentary democracySlide23
Fascism in Japan
Like Italy and Germany
Move to right wing
Radical Nationalism or Revolutionary Right
Appealed to younger army officers
Nationalistic, anti democracy, dedicated to foreign expansion
Turned to large scale public works to bring Japan out of depression
Interested in empire buildingSlide24
Fascism in Japan
Unlike Italy and Germany
No major fascist party emerged
No charismatic leader like Mussolini or Hitler
Japanese government institutions and traditional beliefs were strong enough to prevent fascist takeoverSlide25
Fascism in Japan
Military played a dominant role in Japan
Focus on military might (martial arts in school)
deep, long-lasting respect for military
But even military did not govern aloneSlide26
Fascism in Japan
Did not reach the level of totalitarianism of Germany or Italy
Political prisoners were few, no executions or deportations
Racial purity was directed against foreigners, not internal minority