The Intertestamental Period: From Babylon To The Birth Of Christ Jewish Independence Intertestamental Period Todays Objectives Review last weeks lesson Learn about Simons leadership and the alliances he renews with Sparta and Rome Learn
"The Intertestamental Period: From Babylon To The" is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to
download and print the materials on this website for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it
on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright
notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this
agreement.
Presentation Transcript
01
The Intertestamental Period: From Babylon To The Birth Of Christ Jewish Independence<br>
02
Intertestamental Period<br>
03
Today’s Objectives Review last week’s lesson
Learn about Simon’s leadership and the alliances he renews with Sparta and Rome
Learn about John Hyrcanus’ conquests
Review what further divides the Pharisees and Sadducees
Learn about Aristobulus and Jannaeus
Learn about Jannaeus’ cruelty which leads to further civil war
Learn how the civil war ultimately leads to Roman intervention in 63 BC<br>
04
Last Week… Reviewed the story of Mattathias and his five sons, three die during the early revolt
The Seleucid empire splits between to factions, one from Demetrius and one from Epiphanes
Learned about Jonathan's role in enlarging Judah’s political power
Learned how Jonathan dies at the hands of Demetrius and how Simon becomes leader
Learned about Rome’s transition into the super power of the known world<br>
05
Reference Material KJV (w/ Apocrypha)
1st and 2nd Maccabbees
Josephus – The Complete Works
Herodotus – The History
Intertestamental History – Mark Moore
Ancient Rome – Simon Baker
Harding University – BNEW 112 Course Notes – Dr. Thompson
Intertestamental Period – John Battle<br>
06
Simon Makes an alliance with Demetrius II
Demetrius II takes the throne of Syria
Grants independence to Judea in 142 BC
Grants immunity from taxation
Jews were able to drive the Syrian garrison out of the Akra
Built a Hasmonean palace on its foundation
Hasidim gave Simon the title “Leader and High Priest Forever” (I Macc 14:41)
“Until there should arise a faithful prophet”
He is murdered in 135 BC by a son-in-law<br>
07
Simon courts Rome and Sparta After Jonathan is killed, Rome and Sparta
Sends Simon a message to renew the alliance
Previously made with Judas and Jonathan
Simon
Reads before the assembly in Jerusalem
Spartans also sent a message
Expressive and complimentary decree
Names Simon the priest and ruler whom the people could not remove (I Macc 14:44)
Decree to be posted in a conspicuous place<br>
08
John Hyrcanus Simon and two of his sons are killed in 135 BC, his third son John Hyrcanus, escapes
Hyrcanus rules from 135-104 BC
Antiochus VII is the last strong king of the Seleucid empire, dies in 129 BC
Hyrcanus is free to expand Judah
Takes territory in Perea, then Idumea and Edom
Conquers the Samaritans and defeats several strong Greek cities in the region
Opens up for future expansion into Galilee<br>
09
Coin of Hyrcanus I<br>
10
Start of reign Conquered Hyrcanus I Conquests<br>
11
Religious and Political Developments Seleucid/Syrian interference eroded
Jewish Hellenizers
Lose support of Seleucid/Greek power
Become supporters of the king
Became known as Sadducees
Hasidim
Had been more popular, equate to the Roman plebes
Associated with the common people
Began opposing the Hasmonean power
Oppose those holding secular ruler and high priest
Called Pharisees
Hyrcanus finally allies with the Sadducees<br>
12
Aristobulus I Rules from 104-103 BC
Son of Hyrcanus, assuming the rule by murdering one brother and imprisoned two other brothers and mother
First Hasmonean to assume the title of king
Incorporates the territory of Galilee
Becomes key supporters of Judaism
Reigns only one year
Dies as a result of drinking and disease
Wife was Salome Alexandra<br>
13
Alexander Jannaeus Ruled from 103-76 BC
Surviving brother of Aristobulus
Astrobulus’ wife frees Jannaeus from prison and marries him
Jannaeus killed one surviving brother, one is left living
Seeks to add to Israel’s possessions
Reached its greatest extent
Land all around the Dead Sea, the Philistine coast, and several nearby Greek cities<br>
14
Start of reign Conquered Jannaeus I Conquests<br>
15
Civil War Civil war between Sadducees and Pharisees
Jannaeus pours water libation at his feet rather than on the alter
Enrages Pharisee, throw citrons at Jannaeus
Many Pharisees killed in retaliation
Pharisee appeal to Syria (ironically)
Jannaeus/Sadducees flee
Pharisee later recant
Rejoin Jannaeus
Syrian troops depart<br>
16
Cruelty of Jannaeus Jannaeus’ great banquet for the Sadducees
Crucifies 800 Pharisees during the banquet
Causes further split among the Pharisees
Move to the desert
Some become Essenes
Believed to have written the Dead Sea Scrolls
Describe a wicked priest who kills a teacher of righteousness
Jannaeus dies, leaving his wife Salome in power<br>
17
Salome Alexandra Wife of Jannaeus
Rules 76-67 BC, 70 years old
Makes peace with the Pharisee
Appoints her eldest son Hyrcanus II as high priest
Favored the Pharisee
Younger son Aristobulus II leads the army
Favored the Sadducee
Israel was in peace during her reign
Instituted universal elementary education in the synagogues, teaching Hebrew scripture<br>
18
Hasmonean Kingdom in 63 BC<br>
19
Civil War – Rome Intervenes Alexandra died in 67 BC, war breaks out
Hyrcanus II is the rightful heir, but retires from office when Aristobulus II arrives with the army
Hyrcanus II flees to Nabateans, Idumeans
Idumeans, Nabateans support Hyrcanus II
Aristobulus II’s son marries Hyrcanus’ daughter, Alexandra
Hyrcanus seizes most of Judea with the help of the Idumeans and Nabateans<br>
20
Roman Intervention Civil war continues for several months
News of fighting reaches the Roman general Pompey, who is campaigning in the East
Pompey had become a very popular field commander
Very successful campaign against pirates in the Mediterranean Sea in 67 BC
Caesar supports Pompey’s actions
Pompey moves south to “arbitrate” in Judah
Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus<br>
21
Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus 106-48 BC, called Pompey the Great
Fought with the Optimates, a conservative and aristocratic faction of the Roman Senate
Initially a friend, he is later defeated by Caesar
Sought refuge in Egypt, where he was assassinated in 48 BC
Defeated Spartacus in 71 BC
Took command of the Third Mithridatic War in modern day Turkey
Travels to Judea in 63 BC and seizes the opportunity to control the region<br>
22
Review Reviewed last week’s lesson
Learned about Simon’s leadership and the alliances he renews with Sparta and Rome
Learn how John Hyrcanus’ increased the Israel’s lands
The Pharisees and Sadducees become further divided
Learn about Aristobulus and Jannaeus take over, in succession
Jannaeus’ cruelty leads to further civil war
Roman intervenes in 63 BC<br>
