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Communication of emotions Communication of emotions

Communication of emotions - PowerPoint Presentation

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Communication of emotions - PPT Presentation

Week 9 Todays questions Is emotion merely an intrapersonal phenomenon Can emotion be an interpersonal phenomenon Communication channels Facial expressions 3 Nov Mona Lisa discussion Todays class will focus on other sensory modalities that communicate emotion ID: 585561

music emotions sci emotion emotions music emotion sci people touch words emotional write humans facial kissing happy communicate amp

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Slide1

Communication of emotions

Week 9Slide2

Today’s questions

Is emotion merely an intrapersonal phenomenon?

Can emotion be an interpersonal phenomenon?Slide3

Communication channels

Facial expressions

(3 Nov: Mona Lisa discussion)

Today’s class will focus on other sensory modalities that communicate emotionSlide4

Class exercise

Form 4 groups.

In your groups, list down all the swear words, in all languages

Write them on the boardSlide5

Swearing

Euphemisms

Fish, shoot instead of ____, ____

Classes of swear words

Sexual

e.g., _____

Religion e.g.,

_____

Animals

e.g.,

_____Disgusting stuff e.g., _____Deviants e.g., “retarded”

Jay. (2009). The utility and ubiquity of taboo words.

Persp

Psych Sci.Slide6

How often do people use swear words?

Estimates range from 0.3% to 0.7% of words people use

F: 16,215 words

per day

M: 15,669

 

words

per day

0.003 x 15669

>47Slide7

Swearing as emotion signals

Swearing is like using the horn on your

car

Same horn sound, different signals

What emotions?

Context-dependent: anger

, frustration, joy,

surprise

Jay. (2009). The utility and ubiquity of taboo words.

Persp

Psych Sci.Slide8

How to use the f-word?

Anger

Frustration

Joy

Surprise

F***

you; f*** off

F***

ed

up

F

***

ing

good

What

the f***?Slide9

So what if

you

say “f*** you”?

The original study

Study yet-to-be-done

Swearing should make people feel morally impure (“dirty”)

 ___________________

Lee & Schwarz (2010). Embodiment of the moral purity metaphor is specific to the motor modality involved in moral transgression.

Psy

Sci

.

Mouthwash

Vs.

Handsanitizer

?Slide10

Writing

Commonsense

Happy people tend to write happy stuff

Sad people tend to write about sad stuff

----------------------------------------------------------------

We know

what

they write about. But

how

do they write about

what

they write?Slide11

Pronouns as emotional linguistic markers

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PGsQwAu3PzU

Pennbaker

. (2011).

Secret life of pronouns.Slide12

Music

My wife!Slide13

Music

Music is commonly used to induce emotions

Listen to these three clips

https://

www.youtube.com/watch?v=l-dYNttdgl0

https

://

www.youtube.com/watch?v=XMbvcp480Y4

Q: Why are lyric-less music used to induce emotions?

Juslin

&

Vastfall

. (2008). Emotional

responses to music: The need to consider underlying

mechanisms.

Brain

Beh

Sci.Slide14

Benjamin Zander

TED talk: The

transformative power of classical

music (first 15 mins)

https://

www.ted.com/talks/benjamin_zander_on_music_and_passion?language=en

Hear his Chopin’s Prelude in E-minor.Slide15

Beyond classical music

Film music – my favorite

Forrest Gump

Jurassic Park

Lord of the Rings

Pirates of the Caribbean

Note: I have not seen film music being used used in experimentsSlide16

What makes music sound happy or sad?

Laypeople

Major, minor key

Tempo

Experts

Articulation

Phrasing

Pressure (loud/soft)Slide17

What about Indian classical music?

I don’t know! What do you think?Slide18

But does music cause

emotions?

Yes

Isn’t it obvious?

Surely psychophysiological measurements can’t lie?

Brain areas are activated (same as in seeing visual emotional stimuli)

Facial EMG

Well…

Listeners

confuse the emotions expressed in the music with their own

emotions

Demand characteristicsSlide19

What emotions do music induce?

Happiness

, calm, nostalgia, love, sadness, interest, hope, excitement, and

longing

Does the above challenge appraisal theories of emotion?

My challenge to you

Find me a music that sounds jealous

Juslin

(2009). Emotional responses to music. In

Handbook

of music

psychology

:

Oxford University Press. Slide20

Somatosensation

Touch is used to maintain

and

reinforce

social

structures (e.g., allogrooming)Slide21

Humans

P

romotes

mother–infant

bonding

Relationship satisfaction in adult romantic couples

Hertenstein

(2002). Touch: Its communicative functions in infancy.

Hum Dev.Slide22

Somatosensation

Can emotions be conveyed through touch?

Can emotions be decoded by touch?

Hertenstein

(2006). Touch

communicates distinct emotions

.

Emotion.Slide23

Receiver guesses one emotion from the list

Sender sends one randomly selected emotion

Emotions tested:

anger

, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, surprise, sympathy, embarrassment, love, envy, pride, and

gratitude

Hertenstein

(2006). Touch

communicates distinct emotions

.

Emotion.Slide24

Decoding accuracy

Sig. accurate decoding

Anger

Fear

Sympathy

Disgust

Love

Gratitude

Sympathy

Tactile behavior (by coders)

squeezing, stroking, rubbing, pushing, pulling, pressing, patting, tapping, shaking, pinching, trembling, poking, hitting, scratching, massaging, tickling, slapping, lifting, picking, finger interlocking, swinging, and tossing

Hertenstein

(2006). Touch

communicates distinct emotions

.

Emotion.Slide25

So…where do people want to be touched?

Romantic partner

Friend (same sex &

opp

sex)

Mother, Father

Sister, Brother

Aunt, Uncle

Cousin

Acquaintance

Stranger

You will not be asked to share your results.

Color the

bodily regions where each individual

would

be allowed to touch

youSlide26

Real results

Suvilehtoa

et al. (2011). Topography of social touching depends on emotional bonds between humans.

Proc Natl

Acad

Sci.

Finland, France, Italy, Russia, and

UK

r

 

(area, emotional bond)

0.73Slide27

Gender difference in “allowability

Suvilehtoa

et al. (2011). Topography of social touching depends on emotional bonds between humans.

Proc Natl

Acad

Sci.

Red and blue bars indicate female and male touchers, respectively

.

(I’m not sure what the x-axis is, but it probably refers to

r

.)Slide28

What would you expect in India?Slide29

Olfaction

De Groot et al (2012).

Chemosignals

communicate human emotions.

Psy

Sci.

Armpit pads

sealed in bag

10 male sweat

donorSlide30

Olfaction

36 female participants, facial EMG

Visual search task

(facial expression coded)

Smells channeled to nose

Results?

______________

______________

______________Slide31

Only fear and disgust?

Happy vs. neutral movies were used.

Procedures were the same

Women

exposed to happy sweat showed a more global focus 

De Groot et al (2015). A sniff of happiness.

Psy

Sci.Slide32

Can humans taste emotions?

influenza,

herpes simplex virus

meningococcal meningitis.

Kissing is the closest you can get to people naturally “tasting” emotionsSlide33

Here’s a surprising proposition

M/F prefer kissing before sex

Function: _________________

M/F prefer kissing after sex

Function: _________________

Humans probably cannot taste emotions, but they can judge if someone has high pathogen load or not (disgust regulation)

Kissing as “mate assessment” tool

Wlodarski

& Dunbar (2015). What’s in a kiss? The effect of romantic kissing on mate desirability.

Evol

Psyc

.Slide34

Something to ponder about

Emotions exist within the individual.

Isn’t that sufficient? Why would people want to or need to communicate their emotions to others?Slide35

Take home messages

Humans have many ways to communicate emotions

Some are obvious (facial expressions)

Some are unobvious (e.g., pronouns, armpit smells, etc.)