Week 9 Todays questions Is emotion merely an intrapersonal phenomenon Can emotion be an interpersonal phenomenon Communication channels Facial expressions 3 Nov Mona Lisa discussion Todays class will focus on other sensory modalities that communicate emotion ID: 585561
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Slide1
Communication of emotions
Week 9Slide2
Today’s questions
Is emotion merely an intrapersonal phenomenon?
Can emotion be an interpersonal phenomenon?Slide3
Communication channels
Facial expressions
(3 Nov: Mona Lisa discussion)
Today’s class will focus on other sensory modalities that communicate emotionSlide4
Class exercise
Form 4 groups.
In your groups, list down all the swear words, in all languages
Write them on the boardSlide5
Swearing
Euphemisms
Fish, shoot instead of ____, ____
Classes of swear words
Sexual
e.g., _____
Religion e.g.,
_____
Animals
e.g.,
_____Disgusting stuff e.g., _____Deviants e.g., “retarded”
Jay. (2009). The utility and ubiquity of taboo words.
Persp
Psych Sci.Slide6
How often do people use swear words?
Estimates range from 0.3% to 0.7% of words people use
F: 16,215 words
per day
M: 15,669
words
per day
0.003 x 15669
>47Slide7
Swearing as emotion signals
Swearing is like using the horn on your
car
Same horn sound, different signals
What emotions?
Context-dependent: anger
, frustration, joy,
surprise
Jay. (2009). The utility and ubiquity of taboo words.
Persp
Psych Sci.Slide8
How to use the f-word?
Anger
Frustration
Joy
Surprise
F***
you; f*** off
F***
ed
up
F
***
ing
good
What
the f***?Slide9
So what if
you
say “f*** you”?
The original study
Study yet-to-be-done
Swearing should make people feel morally impure (“dirty”)
___________________
Lee & Schwarz (2010). Embodiment of the moral purity metaphor is specific to the motor modality involved in moral transgression.
Psy
Sci
.
Mouthwash
Vs.
Handsanitizer
?Slide10
Writing
Commonsense
Happy people tend to write happy stuff
Sad people tend to write about sad stuff
----------------------------------------------------------------
We know
what
they write about. But
how
do they write about
what
they write?Slide11
Pronouns as emotional linguistic markers
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PGsQwAu3PzU
Pennbaker
. (2011).
Secret life of pronouns.Slide12
Music
My wife!Slide13
Music
Music is commonly used to induce emotions
Listen to these three clips
https://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=l-dYNttdgl0
https
://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=XMbvcp480Y4
Q: Why are lyric-less music used to induce emotions?
Juslin
&
Vastfall
. (2008). Emotional
responses to music: The need to consider underlying
mechanisms.
Brain
Beh
Sci.Slide14
Benjamin Zander
TED talk: The
transformative power of classical
music (first 15 mins)
https://
www.ted.com/talks/benjamin_zander_on_music_and_passion?language=en
Hear his Chopin’s Prelude in E-minor.Slide15
Beyond classical music
Film music – my favorite
Forrest Gump
Jurassic Park
Lord of the Rings
Pirates of the Caribbean
Note: I have not seen film music being used used in experimentsSlide16
What makes music sound happy or sad?
Laypeople
Major, minor key
Tempo
Experts
Articulation
Phrasing
Pressure (loud/soft)Slide17
What about Indian classical music?
I don’t know! What do you think?Slide18
But does music cause
emotions?
Yes
Isn’t it obvious?
Surely psychophysiological measurements can’t lie?
Brain areas are activated (same as in seeing visual emotional stimuli)
Facial EMG
Well…
Listeners
confuse the emotions expressed in the music with their own
emotions
Demand characteristicsSlide19
What emotions do music induce?
Happiness
, calm, nostalgia, love, sadness, interest, hope, excitement, and
longing
Does the above challenge appraisal theories of emotion?
My challenge to you
Find me a music that sounds jealous
Juslin
(2009). Emotional responses to music. In
Handbook
of music
psychology
:
Oxford University Press. Slide20
Somatosensation
Touch is used to maintain
and
reinforce
social
structures (e.g., allogrooming)Slide21
Humans
P
romotes
mother–infant
bonding
Relationship satisfaction in adult romantic couples
Hertenstein
(2002). Touch: Its communicative functions in infancy.
Hum Dev.Slide22
Somatosensation
Can emotions be conveyed through touch?
Can emotions be decoded by touch?
Hertenstein
(2006). Touch
communicates distinct emotions
.
Emotion.Slide23
Receiver guesses one emotion from the list
Sender sends one randomly selected emotion
Emotions tested:
anger
, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, surprise, sympathy, embarrassment, love, envy, pride, and
gratitude
Hertenstein
(2006). Touch
communicates distinct emotions
.
Emotion.Slide24
Decoding accuracy
Sig. accurate decoding
Anger
Fear
Sympathy
Disgust
Love
Gratitude
Sympathy
Tactile behavior (by coders)
squeezing, stroking, rubbing, pushing, pulling, pressing, patting, tapping, shaking, pinching, trembling, poking, hitting, scratching, massaging, tickling, slapping, lifting, picking, finger interlocking, swinging, and tossing
Hertenstein
(2006). Touch
communicates distinct emotions
.
Emotion.Slide25
So…where do people want to be touched?
Romantic partner
Friend (same sex &
opp
sex)
Mother, Father
Sister, Brother
Aunt, Uncle
Cousin
Acquaintance
Stranger
You will not be asked to share your results.
Color the
bodily regions where each individual
would
be allowed to touch
youSlide26
Real results
Suvilehtoa
et al. (2011). Topography of social touching depends on emotional bonds between humans.
Proc Natl
Acad
Sci.
Finland, France, Italy, Russia, and
UK
r
(area, emotional bond)
0.73Slide27
Gender difference in “allowability
”
Suvilehtoa
et al. (2011). Topography of social touching depends on emotional bonds between humans.
Proc Natl
Acad
Sci.
Red and blue bars indicate female and male touchers, respectively
.
(I’m not sure what the x-axis is, but it probably refers to
r
.)Slide28
What would you expect in India?Slide29
Olfaction
De Groot et al (2012).
Chemosignals
communicate human emotions.
Psy
Sci.
Armpit pads
sealed in bag
10 male sweat
donorSlide30
Olfaction
36 female participants, facial EMG
Visual search task
(facial expression coded)
Smells channeled to nose
Results?
______________
______________
______________Slide31
Only fear and disgust?
Happy vs. neutral movies were used.
Procedures were the same
Women
exposed to happy sweat showed a more global focus
De Groot et al (2015). A sniff of happiness.
Psy
Sci.Slide32
Can humans taste emotions?
influenza,
herpes simplex virus
meningococcal meningitis.
Kissing is the closest you can get to people naturally “tasting” emotionsSlide33
Here’s a surprising proposition
M/F prefer kissing before sex
Function: _________________
M/F prefer kissing after sex
Function: _________________
Humans probably cannot taste emotions, but they can judge if someone has high pathogen load or not (disgust regulation)
Kissing as “mate assessment” tool
Wlodarski
& Dunbar (2015). What’s in a kiss? The effect of romantic kissing on mate desirability.
Evol
Psyc
.Slide34
Something to ponder about
Emotions exist within the individual.
Isn’t that sufficient? Why would people want to or need to communicate their emotions to others?Slide35
Take home messages
Humans have many ways to communicate emotions
Some are obvious (facial expressions)
Some are unobvious (e.g., pronouns, armpit smells, etc.)