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NEW IMPERIALISM: MOTIVES - PowerPoint Presentation

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NEW IMPERIALISM: MOTIVES - PPT Presentation

NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS NineteenthCentury Empires SUPERQUIZ Section II PART 4 13 questions 325 French Colonial Expansion Noted advocate of French colonial expansion French ID: 769902

france french empire colonial french france colonial empire exhibition ferry economic ideas population people political colonies tunisia pepe war

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NEW IMPERIALISM: MOTIVES AND TACTICSNineteenth-Century Empires SUPERQUIZ Section II – PART 4 13 questions – 32.5%

French Colonial Expansion Noted advocate of French colonial expansion: French politician _____________ Born:________; died:________He served --as premier --_____ terms during the - --_______Republicopposed by ____&_____ConservativesSocialists Jules Ferry 1832 1893 2 3rd

The SpeechDelivered before the ____________________in _____(mo.) of _____ (yr.) directly combats the opponents of Ferry’s policiesstates the (2)economic and political imperative of French expansionargues for the ____________________of current French policies____________voices are also heard in this speechThey reveal the basis for _________________ sentiment at the time National Assembly July 1883 moral justness C ritics anticolonial

The Speech Itself - Act I: Jules Ferry1 Ferry starts by stating his _________________ at having to make such a long speech in front of the National Assemblyassures the “Chamber” that it is as strenuous for him as the individual membersthinks it his __________to summarize and condense the arguments, principles, motives, and interests for the justification of colonial expansionFerry promises to remain ___________&reasonable in his argumentMajor concern = _________________ interestspolicy of colonial expansion constitutes both a(n) __&__ sys. economicpoliticalembarrassment duty moderate continental

The system of Colonial Expansion can be related to three ideas These ideas are“_________ideas, ideas of ____________ in its highest sense, and ideas of p______ and p____________” economic civilization politics patriotism

Job #1: the economic ideas 2 groups feel the need for EXPORT MARKETS: The _______________populations of Europe The ___________________________France particularly feels the strainFrance needs EXPORT MARKETS because_____________treaties of ________have caused problemsMarkets recently open to France have shrunk (2 countries)Germany has surrounded itself with economic barriersThe United States has recently made itself protectionist “in the most extreme sense”Other industrialized countries are looking to France as an export market for their own manufactured goodsindustrial “rich and hard working” Free trade 1860

Yo , Passy! I do not mean “ mean to treat [you] with any ___________” Ferry speaks directly to the _______________including _____________, who is present for this speech well-respected , ___________ economicsFerry speaks against this previous school of economics _________________of France ________________of Englandalso known as _____________IRONY economists Passy o ld school Jean Baptiste Say Adam Smith doctrinaires Jules Ferry

Say what, DOCTRINAIRES? “the true export markets are the ____________________which furnish and assure them” c ommercial treaties Jean Baptiste Say Adam Smith

COMMERCIAL TREATIESFerry believes that commercial treaties Worked AFTER ____ BEFORE industrial revolution hit full stride DIDN’T work after“the development of science and the speeding up of _______________________________________”Competition in the______________market from ________________ did not ruin French agriculture No active competition from these 2 countries:AmericaIndiaFrance lived under commercial treaties with ____________and other great powers____________“became an industrial power” : _____ and _____It takes TWO to TANGO!The _______________________refuses to make treatiesMultiple French officials have reached this conclusion communicaton Odessa GRAIN England Germany 1860 1883 United States 1860

point deserves equal attention, but Ferry hopes to accomplish it “as quickly as possible”Ferry condemns the ideas of M. Camille ____________________Point #2: “ideas of________________in the highest sense”civilization Pellatan

‘‘What is this civilization which you impose with_________________? What is it but another form of ________________? Don’t these populations, these inferior races, have the same _______________as you? Aren’t they masters of their own houses? Have they called upon you? You come to them against their will, you offer them _______________, but not civilization.’’cannonballs barbarism rights violence

Ferry condemns the ideas of M. Camille Pellatan as political ________________These ideas do not represent politics nor ____________________The FAR LEFT chimes in at this ideaPoint #2: “ideas of________________in the highest sense”civilization METAPHYSICS HISTORY The FAR LEFT Ah-ah!

The FAR LEFT erupts! M . Jules ___________ condemns Jules Ferry for his statementFrance proclaimed the _______________________“_______________races have _____________ rights over inferior races” SUPERIOR SUPERIOR MAIGNE RIGHTS OF MAN

On the FAR LEFT: M. De Guilloutet Ferry seeks to justify ___________ and the ________ trade slaveryslave

\ The French have no right to impose commerce on the “blacks of equatorial Africa” if they are included in the ____________________ These blacks have not called upon French for ___________________ Dec. of the Rights of Man commerce

THE DEBATE M . Raoul Duval states that _____________wishes to impose nothing upon these Africansit is ____________who hopes to do soM. Jules Maigne differentiates between ____posing an idea and _____posing an idea M. George Perin states that, “in any case, you cannot bring about commerce by ________”FRANCE FERRY PRO IM force

\ The LEFT The RIGHT and the EXTREME LEFT erupt in new interruptionsSUPERIOR RACES have a______ to civilize INFERIOR RACES. DUTYHOORAY!

Point #3 : “ideas of politics and patriotism” Ferry borrows a “remarkably precise formulation” from distinguished writer M. Pelletan‘‘It is a system which consists of seeking out ____________ in the Orient with a circumspect and peaceful seclusion which is actually imposed upon us in Europe.’’compensations

\ I don’t like the use of the term “______________.” I’ll ward off any injury being inflicted on the French government “with all the force of [my] _______________”THE LEFT & THE CENTER compensation patriotism HOORAY!

Certain considerations …. The current conditions of naval warfare have been altered A warship can only carry _________days worth of coalWithout coal, a ship is dead in the waterFrance needs countless reprovisioning stations and shelters in and will hold them in (4 areas)Saigon, Tunisia, the Mekong Delta,and MadagascarFrance also holds the Madagascar ports of Diego-SuarezVohemar 14

Global ______________ is increasing Some European powers strengthen ___________ and navy in order to compete effectivelyOthers focus on _______________ growth to overtake competitorsA policy of _____________ will only lead to cultural decline Nations achieve greatness only through the ___________ they develop.The “peaceful shining forth of __________________” does not make countries great in this day and age.institutions competition military population isolation activities

economic I cannot believe that the monarchy wants to follow a policy of ______________and _____________. France does not follow a policy of “______and _______”modesty reserve Bread butter

economic Fallen monarchs wish to impose these values on France. The ____________ Party will NOT follow the examples of __________ and the _______________ The Swiss Republic Belgium Republican

economic ____ France must be both a _______country and a ____ country. As much as possible, France must influence the destiny of ________________. France has a duty to extend the French __________, __________, __________, ______, and __________ as much as possible. customs Europe f ree great flag language arms genius

2.11 SHORT ANSWER (pp. 47-49)Six score and seven years ago…. 1 . What “three orders of ideas” does Jules Ferry say that he will address ?economic ideas, ideas of civilization in its highest sense, and ideas of politics and patriotism

2. According to Ferry what is French industry’s biggest need and why? French industry needs export markets because many markets have closed to them, like Germany and the U.S.

3. Summarize the quote that Ferry reads from M. Camille Pellatan and describe how Ferry responds to the quote .Pelletan calls into question the “civilization” that France pushes on non-Europeans with violence and force, arguing that all humans have basic rights. Ferry responds by saying that the Declaration of the Rights of Man doesn’t apply to all. He also reminds Pelletan that commerce is forced upon the non-Europeans as well.

4. According to Ferry, why do the French need ports in places like Madagascar and Tunisia? Since a warship cannot carry more than 14 days’ worth of coal, it was necessary to have provision stations, shelters, ports for defense and revictualling .

2.12 EITHER/OR (pp. 47-49)Leno or Conan? 1. “Gentlemen, it ( EXCITES, EMBARRASSES) me to make such a prolonged demand upon the gracious attention of the Chamber, but I believe that the (DUTY, PRIVILEGE) I am fulfilling upon this platform is not a (EASY, USELESS) one.” ___________ _____

2. “…that need, felt more and more strongly by the industrial population of Europe…the need for ( IMPORT, EXPORT) markets. Is this some kind of (JOKE, CHIMERA)? Is this a view of the future or is it not rather a (PRESSING, PASSING) need, and, we could say, the cry of our (AGRICULTURAL, INDUSTRIAL) population?” ________ ______ ______

3. “Gentlemen, I must speaker from a (HIGHER, LOWER) and more truthful (PLANE, GROUND ) . It must be stated openly that, in effect, (SOME, SUPERIOR) races have (RIGHTS, ADVANTAGE) over inferior (RACES, PEOPLE).” ________ ____ ____ ____

4. “If the declaration of the rights of (HUMANS, MAN) was written for the blacks of equatorial Africa , then by what right do you impose regular (COMMERCE, RULE) upon them?”__ _______

5. “I (REFUTE, REPEAT) that superior races have a (RIGHT, ABILITY) , because they have a duty . They have the duty to (CHRISTIANIZE, CIVILIZE) inferior races.”____ ____ ____

6. “[The Republican Party] is quite (UNAWARE, AWARE) that one cannot impose upon France a political ideal conforming to that of nations like (INDEPENDENT, COLONIAL) Belgium and the (OTTOMAN EMPIRE, SWISS REPUBLIC).”____ _______ _________

7. “Something else is needed for France that she cannot be merely a (FREE, AVERAGE) country, that she must also be a (POWERFUL, GREAT) country, exercizing all her rightful (POWER, INFLUENCE) over the destiny of Europe, that she ought to propagate this influence throughout the (WORLD, CONTINENT) and carry everywhere that she can her (LANGUAGE, CULTURE), her customs, her (FLAG, BANNER), her arms, and her (LEGACY, GENIUS). __ ____ ____ ____ ____ __ ____

PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE Section II pp. 48-54

THE FRENCH COLONIAL EXHIBITION OF 1931

“Projecting a Greater France” Written by ___________________ lecturer in French History at the University of ____________________ In ________, he authored The Memory of Resistance: French Opposition to the __________ War : 19_____-19______as co-editor of the 1997 War and Memory in the _________________Century Martin EvansPort smith 1997 Algerian 54 62 Twentieth

The Colonial Exhibition: Preparations Marshal Hubert _________ ______years old in 1931born in ______ and died in ______served as the architect of ___________ colonization_____________ of Morocco for a long period of timeThe French regarded Lyautey as a legendThe white moustache and *______ haircut typified the muscular ______________________Lyautey’s relentless energy carried over into the Exhibition itself Lyautey 77 1854 1934 Moroccan Governor e n brosse c olonial hero The EPITOME of EMPIRE *standing up like brush bristles

PURPOSES of the ExhibitionTo touch the ________&________of its visitors to excite the popular imagination through its emphasis on the wondrous, the exotic, and the curious stressed the _____________necessity of empireThe ___________________________of 1929 further reinforced this pointEmpire supposedly insulated France from the ____________________ The empire functioned as a large ________________hearts minds economic Wall Street Crash Depression t rading bloc

PROJECTING FRANCE’S MISSIONThe Exhibition also needed to project France’s _________________mission within its empire Enlightenment philosophy cast colonization as a battle of ___________against _____________The ___________fought against the ____________with progress poised against “reactionary ________________and religious ______________”  France needed to be held up as a _________ to which all should aspirecivilizing light darkness c ivilized UNcivilized feudalism bigotry model

‘‘Our protection, you must understand, delivered millions of men, women and children from the nightmare of slavery and death. Do not forget that before we came, on the African continent the stronger dominated the weaker, a woman was but a beast and a child counted for little. There where we found the vestiges of an old civilization with outdated beliefs…how much work we have accomplished.” ~ Visitor’s Guide to the French Colonial Exhibition, 1931

French Gov’t: Skillful Marketing Released of _____________collection illustrating imperial scenes to coincide with the opening New media such as the _______&___________ stimulated popular interestFrench citizens disseminated prints, postcards, and photographs of the Exhibition Posters proclaimed that visitors could undergo a “tour of the world in ___________________”stamp cinema broadcasting a single day

French Colonial Exposition of 1831

The Exhibition cemented the new relationship between France and its colonies The _______ Republic focused on building a ________________________Bring _____________people into a global cultureGreater France 110 million Third

The Exhibition Opened _________ 1931 ____ th anniversary of Tunisia’s annexation____th anniversary of the invasion of AlgeriaThe _______________________ in ____________played hostGrounds covered ______hectaresProject prep took _____years Crowds clapped and cheered as President _______________________arrived at the front gates of the Exhibition A squadron of colonial _____________ in full uniform escorted the presidentA _______-gun salute greeted President DoumergeMay 6, 1931 50 100 Paris Bois de Vincennes 100 4 Gaston Doumergue cavalry 100

The GroundsGreat Hall triumphant __________ gilded statue of France, depicting the country as a colonial geniusVisitors then followed carefully planned routes along Tunisian marketplaces, Moorish palaces, and mud-brick fortresses arch

THE GROUNDSThe _____________housed countless items glorifying empire ___________ illustrating and glorifying empire Native__________and French dignitaries mingled before the opening addressMultiple speakers emphasized the symbolic importance of the Exhibition Great Hallfrescoes troops

A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________high point of the Exhibitionthe Exhibition’s most popular attractionEntry needed to be restricted to _____________ to keep crowds in control Angkor Wat weekends

The floodlit façade of the temple dominated the Exhibition’s night skyline symbolically demonstrate Lyautey’s need to thrill people

Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and __________ The Exhibition also housed a zoo , a fairground, an aquariumEntertainmentnative musicians, snake charmers, and belly dancerse ntertainment exoticism

Attitudinal Goals The political elite sought to instill _____ _____________ _in the French people This superiority would bind the French people together, preventing the social divisions of the _____________________ from reoccurringThe monthly magazine ________________ did a special edition on the Exhibition superiorityFrench Revolution L’Illustration

The Exhibition’s eventsCountries which sent exhibits: Portugal , the United States, Belgium, Brazil, Italy, the Netherlands, and Denmark

SPEAKER: Prince _________________ Mussolini’s minister of _________claimed that the French Republic and Fascist Italy shared a common __________ endeavor Lanzo di Scalea colonies ideological

The “__________________” of the ________ race, which, having now reached every corner of the world, has transformed , or is in the process of transforming , _______continents into ____________regions.’’ Homeric Odyssey white civilised barbaric

Lanzo Di Scalea’s French Counterpart: _______________________ France’s minister of _______aim of Exhibition = to integrate _______________into the French consciousnessThe availability of overseas domains for popular consumption would widen horizons beyond __________This new national ____________would be inextricably tied to empire Paul Reynaud colonies imperialism identify Europe

INFORMATION, PLEASE! The Exhibition focused on _______________ All aspects of colonial life had been painstakingly documented and recordedAgricultural practices, economic opportunities, and tourismColonial Exhibitionfocused on the empire’s contribution to the French ___________machine 24,762 _______________troops died in World War Iinformation military West African

Tirailleurs Senegalais

A Huge SuccessVisitors reached the Exhibition via the specially extended ___________________ Roughly ______million people visited the Exhibition Measuring the response is difficultSome in attendance may have seen the pro-imperialist propaganda as a nuisanceThe only opposition, however, was confined to __________________ and ______________________Empire appears to have penetrated the public consciousness because of the ExhibitionEvery French classroom had a map of the empire in pink in the 1920s and 1930s underground 8 Communists Surrealists

POP CULTUREused the empire as a backdrop The novels of ________________and the songs of ___________featured in the ExhibitionEdith Piaf’s album, ___________________The films of Jean Renoir, Michel Bemheim, and Pierre Colombier also tied themselves to the ExhibitionPierre Loti Edith Piaf Mon Legionnaire

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition The most famous film of this genre was Film:__________________ Directed by: __________________ Year: _______box office successbased on a _______ pulp fiction novelStarring _____________ as sharp-suited gangster Pépé Julian Duvivier Pepe-le- Moko 1937 1931 Jean Gabin

Pepe-le-Moko’s Plot Handsome and athletic Pépé ruled the __________underworld Pépé attempted to avoid the police by hiding in the ________Arab policeman _______________ served as Pépé’s adversaryThe Arab’s wily and oriental nature contrasts with PépéPépé’s superior understanding of French allows him to avoid Slimane Over time, however, the smell and noise of the casbah takes a _____________________ toll on PépéPépé becomes drunk and doles out drunken abuse to a blind Arab beggarAnother scene sees Pépé nostalgically reminiscing about working-class ParisPépé knows he will never see ___________ again Algiers Casbah Slimane psychological Paris

The Message of Pepe -le- Moko The contrast: the casbah represents nothing more than____________and ______________At the end of the film, Pépé commits __________The pessimistic ending emphasized the ________________message of the film; the casbah represents both _____________and_______within the French imagination Pépé’s fate serves as a warning that the casbah and the French empire possesses a _____________ _____________and _____________can easily overwhelm outsiders Shots of Arab _______________ occur repeatedly throughout the film…c haos disorder suicide ambivalent Fatal power Sexual passions violent urges prostitutes fascination fear

The Facts Behind the Exhibition: Historical Perspective The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedSettlers, fortune hunters, and soldiers _________________ increased the French EmpireThe central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period – 3 key factors motivating expansion:Military glory, economic exploitation, and religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialistsIn the early 1880s, France experienced internal hostilityThe ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on FranceThis political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________The Left criticized the Right’s policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time systematically hapharzardly RIGHT Alsace-Lorraine Franco-Prussian 1870 1871 class

World War I :a pivotal psychological moment for France The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home country Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid France during the warOfficials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesThe monopolistic attitude of France toward its empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades) France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________TAXES RECRUITS 1920s 1930s 1914 1918

An economic perspectiveGovernment policy, commercial interests, and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930s The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyExploitation of the colonies became more ruthless, coherent, and structured over these two decadesThe move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such changeColonial phosphates

France implemented _______________on a grand scale The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearwork = _____________________work in ___________ systems of rural production = idlingThis inherent laziness was characteristic of native populations forced labor labor for wages non-cash

Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ Thousands of Africans were forced into makeshift ___________________Africans in the ___________were used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou railway line from ______ to ___________________laborers from the Ivory Coast were forced to do timber felling and plantation work civilization labor camps 42,000 Ivory Coast 1921 1930 16,000

Conditions Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crude 127,250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial railroad from _____________to__________from ______to___________________of these laborers died from undernourishmentdiseaseFrench colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesThe prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for _____________ populations Local production completed collapsed in some regionsBrazzaville Pointe Noire 1921 1932 13,100 profits indigenous

France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy ______ Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900By 1930, ________Senegalese remained in the industryShows how the French government aided metropolitan commerce in penetrating the French coloniesTrading monopolies naturally resulted from these situationsBy 1939, _________of Senegalese exports went to the French empireColonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939 500 0 1/3 quadrupled

Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society The French acquired land in French Indochina104,000 hectares in ___________168,400 hectares in ___________ by 1930 leaving over _______the local population landlessRich settlers also seized land in AlgeriaThe French held 1.6 million hectares in ________ By _____, this figure rose to 2.7 million hectares______of the population thus owned _____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in AlgeriaTonkin Annam 1/2 1890 1940 2% 1/3

Tunisia and Morocco __________________agricul ture became one of the most efficient systems in the worldLarge landowners revolutionized agricultural practicesThese wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ marketMachinery used:Tractors, threshers, and disc-ploughsNorth Africa began exporting large amounts of corn, wheat, peaches, olive oil,and WINE North African captive

ALGERIAN WINE Algeria rose to be the _________ most important global wine producerWine represented the French genius that had cultivated the __________________A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonizationPROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANS:___________ found vineyards deeply religiously offensiveVineyards took away food _______________ for local consumption4th desert empty space Muslims resources

Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian population The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940By 1940, the figure reached _______millionThe introduction of French medicine reduced ______________________, causing the large population increaseAlgerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they could getOnly_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at this point in timeMany Algerians survived on a diet of couscous, wild artichokes, and mallow stems tripled 6.5 i nfant mortality 1%

Colonial oppositionThe ________________weighed down the French Empire Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the French government’s ruthless protection of ___________interestsSocial divisions came down along ___________lines, exacerbating inequalityIn North Africa, a large _______exodus to major ________ cities led to the construction of miles of ______________This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINENorth Africans termed this event the terrible year of hungerLocals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationlimited relief measuresMost attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loadsGreat Depression s ettlers’ racial rural coastal shantytowns 1937

French journalist: ______________ Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________MountainsChildren fought with dogs for garbageAlgerians had bodies in which muscles were wasting awayInfant mortality skyrocketed as high as ________ Half the population survived on grass and rootsALBERT CAMUS Kabyle 80% Algerians

OPEN REBELLIONOpposition soon transitioned into open rebellion The French government savagely quashed rebellions in _______________(1925), _______________(1926),_______________(1930)Disaffection continued through the 1930sSocial divisions continued to widen as ____________________failedColonial propaganda of a fraternal, generous Republic did not accurately represent the French EmpireSubstantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedOnly a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained ______________________The 1936 election of the leftist __________________ ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies; however, it soon fell apart Morocco Syria Indochina assimilation c ultural racial French citizenship Popular Front

France’s Affinity for North Africa NOT shared by COLONISTS France had absorbed Algeria in _________annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________The ______________of Algeria, Tunisia, and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of LoyaltySettlers also established a large presence in these three coloniesA ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______MuslimsAt the time, the Muslim population numbered ____________Demonstrations for reform ensuedSettlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedThe _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______This nationalist party’s ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farmsSettlers responded with forceNationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land 1848 1881 1912 proximity 25,000 6 million 1936 North African Star 1937 arson attacks

Opposition Spread to Morocco PROPAGANDA vs. REALITY Propaganda: idyllic cooperation between the French and MoroccansReality: conflictColonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courts’ jurisdiction in 1930Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this action an attack on their identityThe 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false divide between Arab and Berber Moroccans began demanding _______________________Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionMoroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodDemands from political elite found plenty of public supportBerber Muslim Moroccan Action s elf-government 1/2 60%

Tunisian opposition Primarily________________ The__________________________________________________party began pressing for moderate reform by___________called for the election of a ________________ultimately sought Tunisian ______________________ Destour 1920 independence parliament m iddle class Liberal Constitution

Tunisian opposition The ________________ party emerged in 1934young lawyer _______________________ headed the partymilitant opposition Refused__________________________________________________Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government Neo-Destour Habib Bourguiba Boycotted French goods t o pay taxes 1937

French Response Follows Pattern These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsGermany, Italy, and Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign power manipulationThe French arrested Bourguiba outlawed the Neo-DestourThe ___________________________________ was also dissolvedMoroccan Action Committee

The importance of empireFrench ______________ in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930sFrance felt increasingly __________________ from the international sceneThe empire served as a political, economic, and emotional ….source of hopeisolated brutality

The PRESSURE of EMPIRE November 30, 1938: _____________ parliament called for the annexation of _________________________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the news onto Roman streetsThe French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaignPrime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________ Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE!The entire French_____________would save FranceFrance could rely on the ______ million people of the empireFrance itself had only______ million people the Italian Tunisia Fascist h ands-off Edouard Daladier empire 110 42 December 1938 January 1939

FRENCH HUMILIATION Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophe The Germans defeated the French in six weeks, from _______ to ______ of _____The French endured ______years of German occupation and national humiliationFrance lost its status as a great power during _____________________ May June 1940 4 World War II

The legacy of empireEmpire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into beingThe Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French EmpireThe event gave the impression of an enduring and permanent political entityIn fact, the political and social forces that ended colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined nationalist false climax

2.13 EXCLUSIONS (pp. 49-52)One of these things is not like the others. Economic exploitation Religious crusade Military glory Central Government InitiativeAll are motivations for 19th century French colonization

2.13 EXCLUSIONS (pp. 49-52)One of these things is not like the others. To excite the popular imagination To stress the economic importance of empire To make empire seem exotic and intangibleTo project France’s mission to civilize the non-European worldOthers were Lyantey’s goals with the Colonial Exhibition

2.13 EXCLUSIONS (pp. 49-52)One of these things is not like the others. aquarium zoo fairground circusOthers were found within the Colonial Exhibition.

2.13 EXCLUSIONS (pp. 49-52)One of these things is not like the others. postcards photos prints filmmonthly magazineOthers were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques

2.13 EXCLUSIONS (pp. 49-52)One of these things is not like the others. novels of Pierre Loti songs of Edith Piaf films of Jean Renoir posters of Pierre ColombierOthers are art and media that used empire as their backdrop

2.13 EXCLUSIONS (pp. 49-52)One of these things is not like the others. Pepe Slimane Paulo a blind Arab beggarOthers are characters in Juilan Duvivier’s Pepe-le-Moko

2.14 QUESTION/ANSWER (pp. 49-52)Just the facts, please. 1. 2. 3. 4. 4 yearsGaston Doumergue May 6, 1931 Bois de Vincennes in Paris

5 6. 7. 8. It covered 110 hectares. They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks. Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress. A 100 gun salute

Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire. Brazil, Belgium, Denmark, U.S., Italy, Netherlands, Portugal Prince Lanza di Scalea , Mussolini’s Minster of Colonies Paul Reynaud

Marshal Hubert Lyautey Triumphal arch & gilded statue of France a colonial genius Mudbrick fortresses, Moorish palaces, and Tunisian marketplaces A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat

Documentation of colonial life, figures of colonial troops killed in WWI 8 million It was a success, but it’s difficult to m easure how people responded.

2.15 FILL IN THE BLANK (p. 52)Juilan Duvivier’s Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film. When it was released in _______________________, the film was a big _______________________ success. genrecolonial 1937 ox office

2.15 FILL IN THE BLANK (p. 52)The film is based on a ___________________ book. Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster, Pepe, “an athletic and handsome” man who is “_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworld”. His nemesis, _______________________, is an Arab Policeman. 1931Gabin King casbah Slimane

2.15 FILL IN THE BLANK (p. 52)Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah; even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________. Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew. troubledbeggar Paris

2.15 FILL IN THE BLANK (p. 52)The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah . The _______________________ is clear—the casbah—and the empire too—are places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________, powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong. warning violence dangerous outsiders

Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year. To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp.. Many workers die from disease and malnourishment.Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction.

Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheat, corn, peaches, olive oil, and wine Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldn’t keep up with Most Algerians had little or no land, and hunger becamecommonplace.

Social division and inequalities were intensified. All were savagely repressed.

ORDERING France annexes Tunisia France annexes MoroccoElection of the left-wing Popular FrontGreat famine in North AfricaThe liberal constitution party in Tunisia, the Destour, begins to press for reformThe more radical Neo-Destour party arises in TunisiaOpen rebellion against French colonial rule arises in SyriaFrench prime minister gives speeches and radio addresses about the importance of France’s imperial holdings1 - 18812 - 19126 - 19367 - 19373 - 19205 - 19344 - 19268 - 1938-39

STOP