The New Imperialism - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

The New Imperialism

1870-1914

Japan, U.S. & industrialized nations of Europe became more aggressive in expanding into other lands

Focused mainly in

Asia & Africa

Declining empires & wars left them vulnerableSlide2

Colonial Empires Slide3

Forms of Imperial Control

Colony

Governed internally by a foreign power

Protectorate

Own internal government but under control of an outside power

Sphere of Influence

Outside power claims exclusive investment or trading rightsSlide4
Slide5

Africa Before Imperialism

Divided into 100’s of ethnic & linguistic groups

Mixture of large empires & small independent villages

Most practiced

traditional beliefs

Others practiced

Islam & ChristianitySlide6

Early European contact

Established contact in early 1450’s

Early contact limited to coastal territory

Travel to interior was limited due to navigability of rivers & disease

Large networks of Africans controlled trade (gold & ivory)

European interest based on slave Trade (Triangular trade)Slide7

Exploration of the Interior

Known as the

Dark Continent

1860’s Scottish missionary

David Livingstone-

first European to explore Sub- Saharan Africa

Reported lush forests, waterfalls, & grasslands

Discovers

Victoria FallsSlide8

Victoria Falls Slide9

1871 American

Henry Stanley

searches for & finds Livingstone

Stanley finds mouth of

Congo

opening up interior to trade

Helps establish

Congo Free State

for

King Leopold II of Belgium

Sets off

Scramble for AfricaSlide10

"Dr. Livingstone, I assume?" Slide11

The Scramble For Africa

Belgian

presence in the

Congo

setoff European race for colonies

No European power wanted to be left behind

Discoveries of Gold & Diamonds in South America also increased interestSlide12

The Berlin Conference 1884-1885

Conference of European powers set up rules for colonizing Africa

Any country could claim land

Divided Africa w/ no regard for ethnic or linguistic groups

No African rulers attended

By 1914 only 2 countries remained independentSlide13
Slide14

Internal Factors enabling European Imperialism

Variety of Cultures & Languages

Low Level of Technology

Ethnic StrifeSlide15

British Imperialism in Africa

Scattered throughout Africa

Controlled heavily populated regions heavy in resources

Parts of West & East Africa, Egypt, & most of Southern Africa Slide16

Southern Africa

Dutch Farmers

(Boers)

settle Cape town in 1652

English acquired Cape colony from Dutch in 1806

Boers resented English rule & Migrated north

(The Great Trek)Slide17

The Zulu Nation

1816 African leader

Shaka

unites the

Zulu Nation

Zulu warriors fight against European slave traders & Ivory huntersSlide18

The Boer War

Results Slide19

Conflict between Boers & Zulus

The Great Trek

causes conflict between Boers & Zulus

Boers aided by British defeat Zulus

Boers establish independent Republics of

Transvaal & Orange Free State

Slide20

The Boer War

1867 diamond & gold deposits discovered in Boer territory

1890

Cecil Rhodes

expands control of South Africa

Annexes the

Boar Republics

Boers resist & fighting lasts from 1899-1902

1910 British form

Union of South Africa

( *Racial segregation until1993)Slide21

Cecil Rhodes promoter of British imperialism in Africa Slide22
Slide23

African Resistance Movements

Most Resistance was unsuccessful

Superior European technology

Alliances failed

Maji- Maji Rebellion 1905

Germans in East Africa squash spiritual uprising (26,000 killed)Slide24

Ethiopia- A successful Resistance

Menelik II

Emperor of Ethiopia

Purchases weapons from France & Russia

Defeated Italian forces in 1896

Only African nation to resist EuropeansSlide25

Positive Impacts of Colonial Rule

Reduced local warfare

Improved sanitation, hospitals & education

African products popular in European Market

Improved

infrastructure

Railroads,dams, telephones & telegraph linesSlide26

Negative impacts of Colonial Rule

Lost land & independence

Death caused by new disease & resistance

Change to

cash crops

resulted in famine

Breakdown of traditional culture

European establishment of boundaries (

Problem today

)Slide27

Indian Subcontinent

Location

:

Southern Asia

Mountains:

Himalayas

Rivers:

Brahmaputra, Ganges, & Indus

Religions-

Hinduism (Caste System), Islam, Buddhism, Christian, Sikh

Early Civilizations-

Mohenjo Daro, Harappa, Mauryas, Mughals

*MonsoonsSlide28

Nations:

India, Pakistan,

Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, & Sri LankaSlide29

British East India Company (1600)

govt. chartered trading monopoly

1613 received permission to trade from

Mughal Empire

Company had its own army(

Sepoys

)

W/ decline of

Mughals

& defeat of French, Company controlled 3/5’s of India

Exercised power usually associated with a governmentSlide30

Sepoy Mutiny

Sepoys-

Indian soldiers

Felt British military rules were against religious beliefs

1857

Hindus & Muslims

to unite against British

British crush revolt &

Parliament

ends company’s rule of India

British government takes control of India

Slide31
Slide32

.Slide33
Slide34

India was

Jewel in the Crown

of English Colonies

300 million people

=

a huge potential

market

Indian business competition was prohibited

Major supplier of

Raw materials

(Cotton, opium)Slide35
Slide36

The Raj-

British Rule in India 1757-1947

Cabinet minister in England directed policy

British Governor General (

Viceroy

) carried out government orders in India

British established a single law for everybody(

All castes were equal

)

Established English as the official languageSlide37
Slide38

Improved infrastructure, built schools,improved sanitation & public health, ended local warfare

Indians allowed to study abroad

Positives of Imperialism Slide39

British held all political & economic power

Indians treated as second class citizens

Conversion to cash crops caused famine

Indian cultural values, beliefs & practices were threatened

Negatives of Imperialim Slide40

Ram Mohun Roy

- Father of Modern India

Moved India away from traditional ways (Ex. Wanted to end child marriages, widow suicide (suttee) etc.)

1885-

Indian National Congress

1906-

Muslim League formed

1947- Independence & Partition

Indian Nationalist movements Slide41

China

Geography-

Huang He (Yellow) & Yangtze Rivers; Kunlun & Himalayan Mts.;

Great Wall

Geographic Isolation

=

Ethnocentrism

(

Middle Kingdom

) Viewed others as inferior or barbarians

Dynastic Cycles/Mandate of HeavenSlide42

Early European Contact

Europeans interested in tea,silk, & porcelain

Also hoped to tap into

huge market

&source of

cheap labor

Manchu's

looked down on foreigners

Interest in foreign goods was non-existent

Chinese

Ethnocentrism

led to its downfall

Could not repel European advancesSlide43

Opium War

Late 1700’s British trade

opium

in China (leads to addiction)

Chinese try to halt opium trade

1839 War breaks out – British easily defeat Chinese

1842 British force Chinese to sign harsh

Treaty of NanjingSlide44

Treaty of Nanjing

First in a series of

uneven treaties

signed with foreigners

China had to open more ports, pay for cost of war

Gave Britain

Hong Kong

Granted foreigners

extraterritoriality

Right to be tried by their own courts & laws rather than those of ChinaSlide45

Spheres of Influence

1898 China was divided into

Spheres of Influence

by foreign powers

1899 U.S. Proposes that China’s “doors” be open to merchants of all nations

Protected the trade rights of all nations & made sure no one country colonized ChinaSlide46
Slide47

Chinese Reaction to Imperialism

Taiping Rebellion-

(1850-1864) Chinese peasants inspired by

Hong Xiuquan

try to overthrow Manchu Dynasty

Takes 14 years to crush & costs millions of livesSlide48

The Boxer Rebellion- (1900)

Secret society of

Boxers

rises up against foreign powers

Combined force of European,American , & Japanese forces crush revolt

Resulted in Chinese govt.conceding more to foreign powers